Django 的 Form组件
Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能：
- 生成HTML标签
- 验证用户数据（显示错误信息）
- HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
- 初始化页面显示内容
Form类的使用：
1、定义规则：
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields class xxx(Form): xx = fields.CharField(max_lenghth=,min_lenghth=,required=True,error_message=)
2、使用：
obj = xxx(request.POST) # 是否校验成功 v = obj.is_valid() # html标签name属性 = Form类字段名 obj.is_valid()验证通过返回True，失败则返回False # 所有错误信息 obj.errors # 正确信息 obj.cleaned_data
登录和注册案例：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields class LoginForm(Form): # 正则验证: 不能为空,6-18 username = fields.CharField( max_length=18, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ 'required': '用户名不能为空', 'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': '太长了', } ) # 正则验证: 不能为空，16+ password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True) # email = fields.EmailField() # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField() # email = fields.IntegerField() def login(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request,'login.html') else: obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): # 用户输入格式正确 print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型 return redirect('http://www.baidu.com') else: # 用户输入格式错误 return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/login/"> {% csrf_token %} 用户名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}<br> 密码 :<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password.0 }}<br> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
基于Form和Ajax提交实现用户登录案例：两种验证方式
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets class LoginForm(Form): user = fields.CharField(required=True) pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=18) def login(request): if request.method == 'GET': return render(request,'login.html') else: obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('http://www.baidu.com') return render(request,'login.html',{'obj': obj}) def ajax_login(request): import json ret = {'status': True,'msg': None} obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: # print(obj.errors) # obj.errors对象 ret['status'] = False ret['msg'] = obj.errors v = json.dumps(ret) return HttpResponse(v) # # class TestForm(Form): # t1 = fields.CharField( # required=True, # max_length=8, # min_length=2, # error_messages={ # 'required': '不能为空', # 'max_length': '太长', # 'min_length': '太短', # } # ) # t2 = fields.IntegerField( # min_value=10, # max_value=1000, # error_messages={ # 'required': 't2不能为空', # 'invalid': 't2格式错误，必须是数字', # 'min_value': '必须大于10', # 'max_value': '必须小于1000', # }, # ) # t3 = fields.EmailField( # error_messages={ # 'required': 't3不能为空', # 'invalid': 't3格式错误，必须是邮箱格式', # } # ) class TestForm(Form): t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=8,min_length=2, error_messages={ 'required': '不能为空', 'max_length': '太长', 'min_length': '太短', } ) t2 = fields.EmailField() def test(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = TestForm() return render(request,'test.html',{'obj': obj}) else: obj = TestForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: print(obj.errors) return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj}) class RegiterForm(Form): user = fields.CharField(min_length=8) email = fields.EmailField() password = fields.CharField() phone = fields.RegexField('139\d+') def register(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = RegiterForm() return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj = RegiterForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: print(obj.errors) return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})
"""s4day77 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login/', views.login), url(r'^ajax_login/', views.ajax_login), url(r'^test/', views.test), url(r'^register/', views.register), ]
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>用户登录</h1> <form id="f1" action="/login/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <p> <input type="text" name="user" />{{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </p> <p> <input type="password" name="pwd" />{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> <a onclick="submitForm();">提交</a> </form> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function submitForm(){ $('.c1').remove(); $.ajax({ url: '/ajax_login/', type: 'POST', data: $('#f1').serialize(),// user=alex&pwd=456&csrftoen=dfdf\ dataType:"JSON", success:function(arg){ console.log(arg); if(arg.status){ }else{ $.each(arg.msg,function(index,value){ console.log(index,value); var tag = document.createElement('span'); tag.innerHTML = value[0]; tag.className = 'c1'; $('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag); }) } } }) } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1.0 }} </p> <p> {{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form action="/register/" method="POST" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.user }} {{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </p> <p> {{ obj.email }} {{ obj.errors.email.0 }} </p> <p> {{ obj.password }} {{ obj.errors.password.0 }} </p> <p> {{ obj.phone }} {{ obj.errors.phone.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
总结：
- Ajax，仅用验证功能 - Form，验证功能，生成HTML标签
班级、学生案例：
from django.db import models class Classes(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class Student(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField(max_length=32) cls = models.ForeignKey('Classes') class Teacher(models.Model): tname = models.CharField(max_length=32) c2t = models.ManyToManyField('Classes')
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect from app01 import models from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets class ClassForm(Form): title = fields.RegexField('全栈\d+') def class_list(request): cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list}) def add_class(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = ClassForm() return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj}) else: obj = ClassForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): # obj.cleaned_data # 字典 # 数据库创建一条数据 # print(obj.cleaned_data) # models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt']) models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/class_list/') return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj}) def edit_class(request,nid): if request.method == "GET": row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first() # 让页面显示初始值 # obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'}) obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title}) return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj}) else: obj = ClassForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/class_list/') return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj}) class StudentForm(Form): name = fields.CharField( min_length=2, max_length=6, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=18,max_value=25,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})) cls_id = fields.IntegerField( # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'上海'),(2,'北京')]) widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) def student_list(request): stu_list = models.Student.objects.all() return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list}) def add_student(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = StudentForm() return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj = StudentForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/student_list/') return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj}) def edit_student(request,nid): if request.method == "GET": row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first() obj = StudentForm(initial=row) return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj}) else: obj = StudentForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/student_list/') return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})
"""s4day77example URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list), url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class), url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class), url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list), url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student), url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student), ]
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>班级列表</h1> <div> <a href="/add_class/">添加</a> </div> <ul> {% for row in cls_list %} <li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>添加班级</h1> <form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }} <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>编辑班级</h1> <form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/"> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }} </p> <input type='submit' value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>学生列表</h1> <a href="/add_student/">添加</a> <ul> {% for row in stu_list %} <li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }} <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>添加学生</h1> <form action="/add_student/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.name }} </p> <p> {{ obj.email }} </p> <p> {{ obj.age }} </p> <p> {{ obj.cls_id }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/> </head> <body> <div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;"> <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.name }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱：</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.email }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄：</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.age }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级：</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> {{ obj.cls_id }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交" /> </div> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
老师案例：
class TeacherForm(Form): name = fields.CharField() xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField( widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['xx'].choices = models.classes.objects.values_list('id','title') def teacher_list(request): tea_list = models.teacher.objects.all() return render(request,'teacher_list.html',{'tea_list':tea_list}) def add_teacher(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = TeacherForm() return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj = TeacherForm(request.POST) # print(obj) if obj.is_valid(): xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx') row = models.teacher.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) row.c2t.add(*xx) return redirect('/teacher_list/') else: print(obj.errors) return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj}) def edit_teacher(request,nid): if request.method == "GET": row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first() class_ids = row.c2t.values_list('id') id_list = list(zip(*class_ids))[0] if list(zip(*class_ids)) else [] obj =TeacherForm(initial={'name':row.name,'xx':id_list}) return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid}) else: obj = TeacherForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): cls_list = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx') row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid) row.update(**obj.cleaned_data) row.first().c2t.set(cls_list) return redirect('/teacher_list/') else: print(obj.errors) return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>老师列表</h1> <a href="/add_teacher/">添加</a> <table> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>老师姓名</th> <th>班级</th> </tr> {% for row in tea_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.name }}</td> <td> {% for row in row.c2t.all %} {{ row.title }} {% endfor %} </td> <td> <a href="/edit_teacher/{{ row.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/add_teacher/"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name.0 }} {{ obj.xx }}{{ obj.errors.xx.0 }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>编辑老师</h1> <form method="POST" action="/edit_teacher/{{ nid }}/"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name.0 }} {{ obj.xx }} {{ obj.errors.xx.0 }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
"""class_student URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list), url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class), url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class), url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list), url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student), url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student), url(r'^teacher_list/', views.teacher_list), url(r'^add_teacher/', views.add_teacher), url(r'^edit_teacher/(\d+)/', views.edit_teacher), url(r'^f1/',views.f1), url(r'^f2/',views.f2), ]
Form组件的上传功能
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from app01 import models import os class F2Form(Form): user = fields.CharField() fafafa = fields.FileField() def f1(request): if request.method=="GET": return render(request,'f1.html') else: print(request.FILES) file_obj = request.FILES.get("fafafa") f = open(os.path.join('static',file_obj.name),'wb') for chunk in file_obj.chunks(): f.write(chunk) f.close() return render(request,'f1.html') def f2(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = F2Form() return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj = F2Form(data=request.POST,files=request.FILES) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").name) print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").size) return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj}) views.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/f1/" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="file" name="fafafa"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/f2/" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.user }} {{ obj.fafafa }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
Form类的字段和插件
创建Form类时，主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】，字段用于对用户请求数据的验证，插件用于自动生成HTML;
1、Django内置字段如下：
Field
required=True, 是否允许为空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）
validators=[], 自定义验证规则
localize=False, 是否支持本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以编辑
label_suffix=None Label内容后缀
CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 总长度
decimal_places=None, 小数位长度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 时间格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
DurationField(Field) 时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正则表达式
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
error_message=None, 忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件
ImageField(FileField)
...
注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow
以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：
- form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件，默认select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中
path, 文件夹路径
match=None, 正则匹配
recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹
allow_files=True, 允许文件
allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用
SlugField(CharField) 数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
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注：UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串
>>> import uuid # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time >>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e') # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e') # make a random UUID >>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da') # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d') # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored) >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}') # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form >>> str(x) '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f' # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID >>> x.bytes b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f' # make a UUID from a 16-byte string >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes) UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
2、Django内置插件：
TextInput(Input) NumberInput(TextInput) EmailInput(TextInput) URLInput(TextInput) PasswordInput(TextInput) HiddenInput(TextInput) Textarea(Widget) DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput) DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput) TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput) CheckboxInput Select NullBooleanSelect SelectMultiple RadioSelect CheckboxSelectMultiple FileInput ClearableFileInput MultipleHiddenInput SplitDateTimeWidget SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget SelectDateWidget
常用选择插件
# 单radio，值为字符串 # user = fields.CharField( # initial=2, # widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) # ) # 单radio，值为字符串 # user = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), # initial=2, # widget=widgets.RadioSelect # ) # 单select，值为字符串 # user = fields.CharField( # initial=2, # widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) # ) # 单select，值为字符串 # user = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), # initial=2, # widget=widgets.Select # ) # 多选select，值为列表 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),), # initial=[1,], # widget=widgets.SelectMultiple # ) # 单checkbox # user = fields.CharField( # widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() # ) # 多选checkbox,值为列表 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # initial=[2, ], # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), # widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple # )
在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。
方式一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')
方式二：
使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import models as form_model
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())zidi
自定义验证规则
方式一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
)
方式二：
import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
# 使用自定义验证规则
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))
方法三：自定义方法
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
email = fields.EmailField()
def clean_username(self):
"""
Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证
:return:
"""
value = self.cleaned_data['username']
if "666" in value:
raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
return value
方式四：同时生成多个标签进行验证
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
############## 自定义字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Define one message for all fields.
error_messages = {
'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
}
# Or define a different message for each field.
f = (
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
validators=[
RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
],
),
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
),
fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
required=False,
),
)
super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
**kwargs)
def compress(self, data_list):
"""
当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户
:param data_list:
:return:
"""
return data_list
############## 自定义插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
def __init__(self):
ws = (
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
)
super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
def decompress(self, value):
"""
处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法
:param value:
:return:
"""
if value:
return value.split(',')
return [None, None, None]
初始化数据
在Web应用程序中开发编写功能时，时常用到获取数据库中的数据并将值初始化在HTML中的标签上。
1、Form
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField()
city = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
widget=widgets.Select
)
2、Views
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
def index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
obj = MyForm(values)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
return redirect('http://www.google.com')
else:
return redirect('http://www.google.com')
3、HTML
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
<input type="submit"/>
</form>
