Netcore使用JWT的认证授权服务

JWT

• 直接使用jwt
• 基于Net6框架实现JWT
• • 一、添加Nuget包
  • 二、添加JWT配置
  • • 1.配置映射类
    • 2.program.cs
  • 三、基于声明的配置
  • • 1.添加声明
    • 2.配置声明策略
    • 3.配置权限

直接使用jwt

基于Net6框架实现JWT

一、添加Nuget包

1.创建WebAPI程序
2.添加包Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer

二、添加JWT配置

1.配置映射类

    public class JWTSettings
    {
        public string SecKey { get; set; }
        public int ExpireSeconds { get; set; }
    }

2.program.cs

jwt的配置

builder.Services.Configure<JWTSettings>
    (builder.Configuration.GetSection("JWT"));
builder.Services.AddAuthentication
    (JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(opt =>
    {
        var jwtSettings = builder.Configuration.GetSection("JWT").Get<JWTSettings>();
        byte[] keyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jwtSettings.SecKey);
        var secKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyBytes);
        opt.TokenValidationParameters = new()
        {
            ValidateIssuer = false,
            ValidateAudience = false,
            ValidateLifetime = true,
            ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
            IssuerSigningKey = secKey
        };

    });

Identity的配置

#region IdentityCore
builder.Services.AddIdentityCore<MyUser>(options =>
{    //注意不是AddIdentity,这个是默认在Mvc的开发模式
    options.Password.RequireDigit = false;
    options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
    options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
    options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
    options.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
    //重置密码
    options.Tokens.PasswordResetTokenProvider = TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider;
    //邮件激活时验证规则设置
    options.Tokens.EmailConfirmationTokenProvider = TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider;
});
//对identity框架做的一个配置，identitybuilder做的配置
IdentityBuilder idBuilder = new IdentityBuilder(typeof(MyUser), typeof(MyRole), builder.Services);
//AddEntityFrameworkStores用那个Dbcontex做管理的
idBuilder.AddEntityFrameworkStores<JWTDBContext>()
    //相当于设置密码的算法啥的
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
    //角色管理器
    .AddRoleManager<RoleManager<MyRole>>()
    //用户管理器
    .AddUserManager<UserManager<MyUser>>();
#endregion

3.在UseAuthorization前加UseAuthentication

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

4.在控制器登录时，发放token
通过注入，来获取配置信息

   private readonly IOptionsSnapshot<JWTSettings> jwtSettingsOpt;

  [HttpPost]
        public  ActionResult<string> Login(string userName,string password)
        {
            //发放签证
            if (userName == "Lty" || password == "123456789")
            {
                //创建信息集合
                List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();
                //添加用户id，Name，和角色
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, "1"));
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName));
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin"));
                //获取密钥
                string key = jwtSettingsOpt.Value.SecKey;
                //设置过期时间
                DateTime expires = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(jwtSettingsOpt.Value.ExpireSeconds);
                //将密钥进行编码
                byte[] secBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
                //将密钥进行加密
                var secKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(secBytes);
                //生成数字签名的加密密钥和安全算法
                var credentials = new SigningCredentials(secKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);
                //读取并验证以紧凑序列化格式编码为 JWS 或 JWE 的“JSON Web 令牌”(JWT)
                var tokenDescriptor = new JwtSecurityToken(claims: claims,
                    expires: expires, signingCredentials: credentials);
                //用于创建和验证 Json Web 令牌
                //WriteToken在衍生类别中覆盖时，将指定的安全性令牌序列化为字符串。权杖必须是由衍生类别所处理的类型
                string jwt = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(tokenDescriptor);
                return jwt;
            }
            else
            {
                return BadRequest();
            }

5. [Authorize]进行token身份验证

[Authorize(Roles = "admin")]
        public async Task<ActionResult<string>> ReadUser(ReadUserModel model)

在控制器和方法前加入 [Authorize]以及各种条件，就能通过token来对用户进行验证，与权限判断了。

三、基于声明的配置

1.添加声明

var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(model.UserName);
				//添加声明（ClaimType）User，（ClaimValue）admin
                    Claim claim = new Claim("User", "admin");
                    var result = await userManager.AddClaimAsync(user, claim);

2.配置声明策略

builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options=>
{
    //添加ReadUserd的策略，该策略需要验证声明，（ClaimType）User的值是否为（ClaimValue）admin
    options.AddPolicy("ReadUsers", policy => policy.RequireClaim("User","admin"));
});

3.配置权限

[HttpPost]
        [Authorize( Policy  = "ReadUsers")]
        public async Task<ActionResult<string>> ReadUser(ReadUserModel model)