django之用户认证组件
功能:用session记录登陆验证状态
前提:用户表:django自带的auth_user
创建超级用户:python manage.py createsuperuser
本质也是用的django-session,不过人家这个更严谨,更新账户的时候连着session_key一起换了。
基于用户认证组件的登录验证信息储存和注销
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect # Create your views here. from django.contrib import auth from django.contrib.auth.models import User def login(request): if request.method == 'POST': user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') # if 验证成功user对象,else返回none user = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=pwd) if user: auth.login(request, user) # request.user:当前登录对象。如果没有登录,就是匿名登录对象 return redirect('/index/') return render(request, 'login.html') def index(request): print('request user', request.user.username) # request user # 登录成功: request user edward print(request.user.id) # None # 登录成功:1 print(request.user.is_anonymous) # True # 登录成功:False # if request.user.is_anonymous: if not request.user.is_authenticated: return redirect('/login/') return render(request, 'index.html') def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return redirect('/login/')
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>index</title> </head> <body> <!-- request.user是全局变量,可以直接在模板里面用 --> <h3>Hi, {{ request.user.id }}- {{ request.user.username }} </h3> <a href="/logout">注销</a> </body> </html>
注册用户组件
def reg(request): if request.method == 'POST': user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') # User.objects.create(username=user,password=pwd) # 不要用这种方法,这种方法是按照明文插入的 user = User.objects.create_user(username=user, password=pwd) return redirect('/login/') return render(request, 'reg.html')
reg.html
<h3>注册</h3> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="user"></p> <p>密码: <input type="text" name="pwd"></p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>
API
from django.contrib import auth:
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if 验证成功user对象,else返回None
user = auth.authenticate(username=user,password=pwd)
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auth.login(request, user) # request.user:当前登录对象。如果没有登录,就是匿名登录对象。
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auth.logout(request)
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
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requeset.user.is_authenticated
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user = User.objects.create_user(username='', password='',email='')
匿名用户对象
匿名用户 class models.AnonymousUser django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser 类实现了django.contrib.auth.models.User 接口,但具有下面几个不同点: id 永远为None。 username 永远为空字符串。 get_username() 永远返回空字符串。 is_staff 和 is_superuser 永远为False。 is_active 永远为 False。 groups 和 user_permissions 永远为空。 is_anonymous() 返回True 而不是False。 is_authenticated() 返回False 而不是True。 set_password()、check_password()、save() 和delete() 引发 NotImplementedError。 New in Django 1.8: 新增 AnonymousUser.get_username() 以更好地模拟 django.contrib.auth.models.User。
user = User.objects.get(username='') user.set_password(password='') user.save
@login_required def set_password(request): user = request.user state = None if request.method == 'POST': old_password = request.POST.get('old_password', '') new_password = request.POST.get('new_password', '') repeat_password = request.POST.get('repeat_password', '') if user.check_password(old_password): if not new_password: state = 'empty' elif new_password != repeat_password: state = 'repeat_error' else: user.set_password(new_password) user.save() return redirect("/log_in/") else: state = 'password_error' content = { 'user': user, 'state': state, } return render(request, 'set_password.html', content)
if not : auth.login(request, user) request.user = AnonymousUser( )
else : request.user == 登录对象
request.user是一个全局变量,在任何视图和模板都可以直接使用。
基于用户认证组件的认证装饰器
django为我们设计了一个用于检查用户是否已经通过了认证:login_requierd()
views.py
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required @login_required def index(request): # print('request user', request.user.username) # request user # 登录成功: request user edward # print(request.user.id) # None # 登录成功:1 # print(request.user.is_anonymous) # True # 登录成功:False # # # if request.user.is_anonymous: # if not request.user.is_authenticated: # return redirect('/login/') return render(request, 'index.html') @login_required def order(request): # if not request.user.is_authenticated: # return redirect('/login/') return render(request, 'order.html') def login(request): if request.method == 'POST': user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') # if 验证成功user对象,else返回none user = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=pwd) if user: auth.login(request, user) # request.user:当前登录对象。如果没有登录成功,就是匿名登录对象 # http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?next=/index/ next_url = request.GET.get('next', "/index/") # 动态获取next后面的url(设置在settings.py里面,也就是跳转到哪里的路径),如果取不到就用/index/ return redirect(next_url) return render(request, 'login.html')
settings.py
LOGIN_URL = '/login/' # 跳转路径