查看原文:http://www.ibloger.net/article/144.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/zoujx/p/9221709.html
获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid,nginx等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
如果使用了反向代理软件,将http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理为
http://www.javapeixun.com.cn /
的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问http://www.javapeixun.com.cn
/index.jsp/
时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp
,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
package com.rapido.utils; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * 自定义访问对象工具类 * * 获取对象的IP地址等信息 * @author X-rapido * */ public class CusAccessObjectUtil { /** * 获取用户真实IP地址,不使用request.getRemoteAddr();的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址, * 参考文章: http://developer.51cto.com/art/201111/305181.htm * * 可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串IP值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢? * 答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。 * * 如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, * 192.168.1.100 * * 用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110 * * @param request * @return */ public static String getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); } return ip; } }
or
private static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown"; private static final String LOCALHOST = "127.0.0.1"; private static final String SEPARATOR = ","; private static final String HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR = "x-forwarded-for"; private static final String HEADER_PROXY_CLIENT_IP = "Proxy-Client-IP"; private static final String HEADER_WL_PROXY_CLIENT_IP = "WL-Proxy-Client-IP"; public String getRealIpAddress(ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest) { String ipAddress; try { // 1.根据常见的代理服务器转发的请求ip存放协议,从请求头获取原始请求ip。值类似于203.98.182.163, 203.98.182.163 ipAddress = serverHttpRequest.getHeaders().getFirst(HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR); if (StringUtils.isBlank(ipAddress) ||UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = serverHttpRequest.getHeaders().getFirst(HEADER_PROXY_CLIENT_IP); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(ipAddress) || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = serverHttpRequest.getHeaders().getFirst(HEADER_WL_PROXY_CLIENT_IP); } // 2.如果没有转发的ip,则取当前通信的请求端的ip if (StringUtils.isBlank(ipAddress) ||UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = serverHttpRequest.getRemoteAddress(); if(inetSocketAddress != null) { ipAddress = inetSocketAddress.getAddress().getHostAddress(); } // 如果是127.0.0.1,则取本地真实ip if (LOCALHOST.equals(ipAddress)) { InetSocketAddress remoteAddress = serverHttpRequest.getRemoteAddress(); if(remoteAddress.getAddress() != null) { ipAddress = remoteAddress.getAddress().getHostAddress(); } } } // 对于通过多个代理的情况,第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割 // "***.***.***.***" if (ipAddress != null) { ipAddress = ipAddress.split(SEPARATOR)[0].trim(); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error("解析请求IP失败", e); ipAddress = ""; } return ipAddress == null ? "" : ipAddress; }