Openwrt支持移远4G模块过程记录

来源 https://www.right.com.cn/FORUM/thread-4033702-1-1.html

参考 http://iotts.com.cn/blog/2021/08/08/OpenWrt-%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E7%A7%BB%E8%BF%9CEC20%E3%80%81EC21%E3%80%81EC25%E3%80%81AG35%E7%AD%894G%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97/

参考了不少教程，也做了不少尝试，最后记录下整个过程以便自己和坛友们参考
我所用的4G模块是Quectel EC20 R2.0，对于这个型号以下的操作前半部分修改USB Serial驱动应该是不需要的，但是我也都修改了并且记录下来，对于其他品牌型号的模块应该是原理相通的

修改内核增加USB Serial驱动支持
1.增加PID&VID，教程中所用内核4.4.79尚没有支持，我用的4.19.122已经支持，而且两者之间的定义方式稍有不同
教程里需要添加的代码为
build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/usb/serial/option.c
【注】只添加#if 1 到 #endif的内容
static const struct usb_device_id option_ids[] = {
#if 1 //Added by Quectel
{ USB_DEVICE(0x05C6, 0x9090) }, /* Quectel UC15 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x05C6, 0x9003) }, /* Quectel UC20 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0125) }, /* Quectel EC25 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0121) }, /* Quectel EC21 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x05C6, 0x9215) }, /* Quectel EC20 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0191) }, /* Quectel EG91 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0195) }, /* Quectel EG95 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0306) }, /* Quectel EG06/EP06/EM06 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0296) }, /* Quectel BG96 */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2C7C, 0x0435) }, /* Quectel AG35 */
#endif
可以看到是在结构体usb_device_id option_ids[]里添加了移远各型号的PID和VID
而新内核的此结构体是通过在前面define然后后面通过VENDOR_ID和PRODUCT来定义
#define QUECTEL_VENDOR_ID 0x2c7c
/* These Quectel products use Quectel's vendor ID */
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_EC21 0x0121
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_EC25 0x0125
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_BG96 0x0296
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_EP06 0x0306
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_EM12 0x0512
#define QUECTEL_PRODUCT_RM500Q 0x0800
后面则是
{ USB_DEVICE(QUECTEL_VENDOR_ID, QUECTEL_PRODUCT_EC25), .driver_info = RSVD(4) },
总之就是此处不需要额外修改了

2.添加零包处理
文件位于build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/usb/serial/usb_wwan.c
添加在函数urb中
static struct urb *usb_wwan_setup_urb(struct usb_serial_port *port,
      int endpoint,
      int dir, void *ctx, char *buf, int len,
      void (*callback) (struct urb *))
{
struct usb_serial *serial = port->serial;
struct usb_wwan_intf_private *intfdata = usb_get_serial_data(serial);
struct urb *urb;

urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL); /* No ISO */
if (!urb)
return NULL;

usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, serial->dev,
   usb_sndbulkpipe(serial->dev, endpoint) | dir,
   buf, len, callback, ctx);

if (intfdata->use_zlp && dir == USB_DIR_OUT)
urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;

#if 1 //Added by Quectelfor Zero Packet
if (dir == USB_DIR_OUT) {
        struct usb_device_descriptor *desc = &serial->dev->descriptor;
        if (desc->idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x05C6) && desc->idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x9090))
            urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;
        if (desc->idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x05C6) && desc->idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x9003))
            urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;
        if (desc->idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x05C6) && desc->idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x9215))
            urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;
        if (desc->idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x2C7C))
            urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;
        if (desc->idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x1286) && desc->idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x4e3d))
        {
            urb->transfer_flags |= URB_ZERO_PACKET;
        }
}
#endif
return urb;
}

3.增加休眠后唤醒接口
文件位于build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/usb/serial/option.c
添加在option_1port_device结构体中

static struct usb_serial_driver option_1port_device = {
.driver = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.name = "option1",
},
.description    = "GSM modem (1-port)",
.id_table       = option_ids,
.num_ports       = 1,
.probe          = option_probe,
.open             = usb_wwan_open,
.close          = usb_wwan_close,
.dtr_rts    = usb_wwan_dtr_rts,
.write          = usb_wwan_write,
.write_room       = usb_wwan_write_room,
.chars_in_buffer = usb_wwan_chars_in_buffer,
.tiocmget       = usb_wwan_tiocmget,
.tiocmset       = usb_wwan_tiocmset,
.ioctl          = usb_wwan_ioctl,
.attach          = option_attach,
.release          = option_release,
.port_probe       = usb_wwan_port_probe,
.port_remove    = usb_wwan_port_remove,
.read_int_callback = option_instat_callback,
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
.suspend          = usb_wwan_suspend,
.resume          = usb_wwan_resume,

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
.reset_resume    = usb_wwan_resume,
#endif
#endif
};

4.使用 GobiNet or QMI WWAN
如果使用ucxx/ec2x/egxx/EP06/EM06/BG96/AG35，并要求GobiNet或QMI WWAN，请添加以下语句，以防止这些模块接口4被用作USB串行设备
文件位于build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/usb/serial/option.c
添加在函数option_probe中

static int option_probe(struct usb_serial *serial,
const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_interface_descriptor *iface_desc =
&serial->interface->cur_altsetting->desc;
unsigned long device_flags = id->driver_info;

/* Never bind to the CD-Rom emulation interface */
if (iface_desc->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE)
return -ENODEV;

/*
   * Don't bind reserved interfaces (like network ones) which often have
   * the same class/subclass/protocol as the serial interfaces.  Look at
   * the Windows driver .INF files for reserved interface numbers.
   */
if (device_flags & RSVD(iface_desc->bInterfaceNumber))
return -ENODEV;

/*
   * Allow matching on bNumEndpoints for devices whose interface numbers
   * can change (e.g. Quectel EP06).
   */
if (device_flags & NUMEP2 && iface_desc->bNumEndpoints != 2)
return -ENODEV;

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
//Quectel UC20's interface 4 can be used as USB network device
if (serial->dev->descriptor.idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x05C6) && serial->dev->descriptor.idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x9003) && serial->interface->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber >= 4)
return -ENODEV;
//Quectel EC20's interface 4 can be used as USB network device
if (serial->dev->descriptor.idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x05C6) && serial->dev->descriptor.idProduct == cpu_to_le16(0x9215) && serial->interface->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber >= 4)
return -ENODEV;
//Quectel EC25&EC21&EG91&EG95&EG06&EP06&EM06&BG96/AG35's interface 4 can be used as USB network device
if (serial->dev->descriptor.idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x2C7C) && serial->interface->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber >= 4)
return -ENODEV;
#endif

/* Store the device flags so we can use them during attach. */
usb_set_serial_data(serial, (void *)device_flags);

return 0;
}

以下部分则是必须的了，不然即便设备和接口都能正常识别，但是却没法获取ip，此处参考https://www.right.com.cn/forum/thread-480555-1-1.html

修改内核增加QMI WWAN驱动支持
1.增加VID和PID
文件位于build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/net/usb/qmi_wwan.c
在结构体usb_device_id products[]中
static const struct usb_device_id products[] = {

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
#ifndef QMI_FIXED_INTF
/* map QMI/wwan function by a fixed interface number */
#define QMI_FIXED_INTF(vend, prod, num) \
.match_flags = USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE |
USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_INFO, \
.idVendor = vend, \
.idProduct = prod, \
.bInterfaceClass = 0xff, \
.bInterfaceSubClass = 0xff, \
.bInterfaceProtocol = 0xff, \
.driver_info = (unsigned long)&qmi_wwan_force_int##num,
#endif
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x05C6, 0x9003, 4) }, /* Quectel UC20 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0125, 4) }, /* Quectel EC25 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0121, 4) }, /* Quectel EC21 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x05C6, 0x9215, 4) }, /* Quectel EC20 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0191, 4) }, /* Quectel EG91 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0195, 4) }, /* Quectel EG95 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0306, 4) }, /* Quectel EG06/EP06/EM06 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0296, 4) }, /* Quectel BG96 */
{ QMI_FIXED_INTF(0x2C7C, 0x0435, 4) }, /* Quectel AG35 */
#endif

但是我注意到源文件里有
#define QMI_MATCH_FF_FF_FF(vend, prod) \
USB_DEVICE_AND_INTERFACE_INFO(vend, prod, USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC, \
      USB_SUBCLASS_VENDOR_SPEC, 0xff), \
.driver_info = (unsigned long)&qmi_wwan_info_quirk_dtr
...
...
{QMI_MATCH_FF_FF_FF(0x2c7c, 0x0125)}, /* Quectel EC25, EC20 R2.0  Mini PCIe */
{QMI_MATCH_FF_FF_FF(0x2c7c, 0x0306)}, /* Quectel EP06/EG06/EM06 */
{QMI_MATCH_FF_FF_FF(0x2c7c, 0x0512)}, /* Quectel EG12/EM12 */
{QMI_MATCH_FF_FF_FF(0x2c7c, 0x0800)}, /* Quectel RM500Q-GL */
不知道此处应该怎么理解

2.增加对Raw IP Mode的支持
文件位于build_dir/target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ar71xx_generic/linux-4.4.79/drivers/net/usb/qmi_wwan.c
增加一个函数
struct sk_buff *qmi_wwan_tx_fixup(struct usbnet *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, gfp_t flags) {
if (dev->udev->descriptor.idVendor != cpu_to_le16(0x2C7C))
return skb;
// Skip Ethernet header from message
if (skb_pull(skb, ETH_HLEN)) {
return skb;
} else {
dev_err(&dev->intf->dev, "Packet Dropped ");
}
// Filter the packet out, release it
dev_kfree_skb_any(skb);
return NULL;
};
本来教程还要添加一部分LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION( 3,9,1 )也就是处理内核版本低于3.9.1的，因为已知肯定是高于这个版本了，我就没有添加了
下来是修改qmi_wwan_bind函数
static int qmi_wwan_bind(struct usbnet *dev, struct usb_interface *intf)
{
int status = -1;
u8 *buf = intf->cur_altsetting->extra;
int len = intf->cur_altsetting->extralen;
...
...
/* make MAC addr easily distinguishable from an IP header */
if (possibly_iphdr(dev->net->dev_addr)) {
dev->net->dev_addr[0] |= 0x02; /* set local assignment bit */
dev->net->dev_addr[0] &= 0xbf; /* clear "IP" bit */
}
dev->net->netdev_ops = &qmi_wwan_netdev_ops;
dev->net->sysfs_groups[0] = &qmi_wwan_sysfs_attr_group;

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
if (dev->udev->descriptor.idVendor == cpu_to_le16(0x2C7C)) {
dev_info(&intf->dev, "Quectel EC25&EC21&EG91&EG95&EG06&EP06&EM06&BG96&AG35 work on RawIP mode\n");
dev->net->flags |= IFF_NOARP;
usb_control_msg(
interface_to_usbdev(intf),
usb_sndctrlpipe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), 0),
0x22, //USB_CDC_REQ_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE
0x21, //USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE
1, //active CDC DTR
intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber,
NULL, 0, 100);
}
#endif
err:
return status;
}
教程里还有一个要修改的函数qmi_wwan_bind_shared，但是在此处不存在，所以不修改
然后是两个结构体qmi_wwan_info和qmi_wwan_info_quirk_dtr里需要添加
static const struct driver_info qmi_wwan_info = {
.description = "WWAN/QMI device",
.flags = FLAG_WWAN | FLAG_SEND_ZLP,
.bind = qmi_wwan_bind,
.unbind = qmi_wwan_unbind,
.manage_power = qmi_wwan_manage_power,
.rx_fixup    = qmi_wwan_rx_fixup,

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
.tx_fixup    = qmi_wwan_tx_fixup,
#endif
};

static const struct driver_info qmi_wwan_info_quirk_dtr = {
.description = "WWAN/QMI device",
.flags = FLAG_WWAN | FLAG_SEND_ZLP,
.bind = qmi_wwan_bind,
.unbind = qmi_wwan_unbind,
.manage_power = qmi_wwan_manage_power,
.rx_fixup    = qmi_wwan_rx_fixup,

#if 1 //Added by Quectel
.tx_fixup    = qmi_wwan_tx_fixup,
#endif
.data          = QMI_WWAN_QUIRK_DTR,
};

编译设置
内核

Device Drivers ->
USB Support ->
USB Serial Converter support ->
USB driver for GSM and CMDA modems
Device Drivers →
-*- Network device support →
USB Network Adapters →
{*} Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework
<*> QMI WWAN driver for Qualcomm MSM based 3G and LTE modems

常规
Kernel modules >>
USB Support >>
<*> Kmod -usb-core
-*- Kmod -usb-net
-*- Kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether
<*> Kmod-usb-net-cdc-mbim
-*- Kmod-usb-net-cdc-ncm
<*> Kmod-usb-net-cdc-subset
<*> Kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan
<*> Kmod-usb-ohci
<*> Kmod-usb-serial
<*> Kmod-usb-serial-option
<*> Kmod-usb-uhci
<*> Kmod-usb2
NetWork >>
<*>wwan
<*>chat
<*>ppp
<*>umbim
Utilities
<*> quectel_cm
<*> usb-modeswitch
Luci
1. Collections
    <*> luci
3. Applications
    <*> luci-app-multiwan (optional to support multiple 3g dongles)
    <*> luci-app-qos (optional to provide QOS support)
6. Protocols
    <*> luci-proto-3g
    -*- luci-proto-ppp
    <*> luci-proto-qmi
其中quectel_cm也是来自https://download.csdn.net/download/jianzhizuo/10749215因为Quectel对于资料方面的管控比较严格，这方面我就不私自放出了，不过我查了github上有哈哈哈

编译好刷入后，在ssh执行quectel_cm &就会开始拨号，并且四海众联何锦明发布的源码是会自动设置dns的，不然还要自己手动设置

拨号成功后ifconfig会看到wwan0这个接口已经有了ip

然后开始ping baidu.com也有结果了

到了这时候，路由器自身已经可以上网了，但是还没能把网络转发给LAN，需要额外创建一个接口，叫什么无所谓，协议选DHCP，接口选wwan0，防火墙选在wan就可以了
<ignore_js_op>
其他相关内容，也是在学习过程中发现的：
采用的模块型号为移远EC20 R2.0等同于EC25，两者PID和VID一致，所以在lsusb时识别为EC25
插上后/dev会出现五个设备，分别是cdc-wdm0，ttyUSB0，ttyUSB1，ttyUSB2，ttyUSB3
其中cdc-wdm0是进行qmi拨号的设备
ttyUSB0是DM接口
ttyUSB1是GPS NMEA信息输出接口
ttyUSB2是AT指令的接口
ttyUSB3是建立ppp连接或者AT指令的接口

因为ttyUSB2是用来交互AT指令的，所以可以通过cat /dev/ttyUSB2 & 指令来保持这个接口的输出反馈，然后输入AT指令来控制模块
echo -e "AT+QCCID\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //查询SIM卡
echo -e "AT+CFUN=1,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //重启模块
echo -e "AT+QSIMDET=1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //开启SIM卡热插拔状态报告
echo -e "AT+QSIMDET=1,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2  //开启SIM卡检测功能
echo -e "AT+CSQ\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2  //查询信号强度
echo -e "AT+QNWINFO\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //查询网络状态
echo -e "AT+CGMM\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //输出模块型号
echo -e "AT+CGMI\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //输出厂商
echo -e "AT+QCFG=\"NWSCANMODE\",3,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //设置4G LTE only
echo -e "AT+QCFG=\"NWSCANMODE\",2,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //设置3G WCDMA only
echo -e "AT+QCFG=\"NWSCANMODE\",1,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //设置2G GSM only
echo -e "AT+QCFG=\"NWSCANMODE\",0,1\r\n" >/dev/ttyUSB2 //设置自动搜索网络

添加接口并且绑定域为WAN可以这样搞：
uci set network.GSM=interface
uci set network.GSM.proto=dhcp
uci set network.GSM.ifname=wwan0
uci commit network

uci set firewall.@zone[1].network='wan wan6 GSM'
uci commie firewall

QCA4028软件平台启用双WAN指导

来源 https://www.cnblogs.com/gierwu-wirelessIoT/p/8572871.html

1 为何要启用双WAN

　　QCA4028的硬件方案，基板上部署了一个LTE模块插槽，同时又外留了一个USB3.0接口，因此，就可以在此硬件平台上调试基于LTE的双WAN，预期实现：

A 链路备份，在任意一个LTE网络连接异常时，其下的有线/WiFi无线用户仍能持续接入上游网络；

B 负载均衡，尽量让上行流量均衡分配在2个LTE网络链路上，避免流量其中到单个LTE链路。

　　本文档中采用LTE模块为上海移远的EC2X模块，USB3.0的LTE模块转接板来自T宝，它自带了SIM卡槽。

2 具体操作

　　在QSDK软件工程代码中选中"muliiwan"组件，作为双wan的监护进程，它缺省是不启用的，非常好调试。在确保2个LTE模块都能成功保证WiFi用户上网后，再来调试双WAN功能更加有效。本次调试中发现EC系列的模块，它的wwanX接口的MAC地址是随机的，每次都不一样，此外，2个wwan接口的MAC地址还是一样的，开始调不通时为这个折腾了好久，后来才发现MAC一样对用户上网也没有关系（这个问题可能会埋伏了深层BUG，有待持续改进）。

　　mutliwan在同QSDK的配合中，发现提取不到网卡的IP地址和网关地址，导致错误将2个WAN链路都定位为offline，从而会出现将resolv.conf.auto清空，将default gateway条目删除掉，导致无法上网。规避方法是：在acquire_wan_data中，在ipaddr和gateway都为x后，再直接到网卡上取ip和gw值。WiFi用户上网时，会发现打不开页面或网站的情况，这个是因为QSDK固件中用了dnsmasq，而它需要真实的DNS配合进行解析，refresh_dns中频繁地清空resolv.conf.auto文件，可能会导致dnsmasq工作异常，规避方法是：不让refresh_dns频繁操作resolv.conf.auto，而改为操作一个新临时文件，只有当这个新临时文件不为空，且与现有的resolv.conf.auto不同时，再将新临时文件替换resolv.conf.auto，并重启dnsmasq，这样就稳定了。此外，针对monitor_wan，其现有实现对LTE网络是不适合的，因为LTE网络可能已经断开了，但IP和网关却依旧存在的，所以，这里需要让它每次都进入add_task，要不在人工将某个wan口down下来后，监控进程都不处理，导致WIFi用户上网失败。

　　另一方面，就是WAN口的up需要重新优化，在QSDK中，如果不启用multiwan服务，则缺省路由是后启动网卡所对应的缺省路由，且只有一条缺省路由条目，导致你将这个唯一的缺省路由网卡关闭后，WiFi用户就上不了网。这个不是multiwan引入，但也需要规避。可以在定期任务中检查route条目来解决，检查缺省路由条目和带UH标识条目，确保他俩一样即可。但multiwan确实还是引入了问题的，其一：运行中关闭multiwan服务后，会将default路由条目删除掉，导致用户无法上网；其二：WAN接口上线成功后，不会更新dns和缺省路由条目，但它明明检测了新wan口，且状态是online了。规避方法是：在multiwan被stop后，重构路由条目（也可在定时任务中检测路由条目）；在网卡更新IP后，立即重启multiwan服务。但重启multiwan服务它会重构路由表，可能会导致ping包时延波动或丢包，游戏用户可能会影响体验。