centos7之vsftp安装和使用

centos7之vsftp安装和使用

来源  https://www.cnblogs.com/lei0213/p/8657039.html

 

日常用作中，我们常用的是windows的共享，但是我们都知道windows运行不稳定。原来我们用的是centos6.5上的vsftpd，最近决定把centos6.*上的服务都移植到centos7上，好了，不废话了，下面我们来看常用的功能。

服务器初始化操作：

1、为了调试顺利，关闭selinux，firewall，iptables

2、如果不允许root账户直接登录，可以设置sshd_config

3、根据个人需求安装自己需要的程序。

yum install gcc lrzsz vim wget

 

科普 

Port模式（主动模式）:

当客户端C向服务端S连接后，使用的是Port模式,那么客户端C会发送一条命令告诉服务端S(客户端C在本地打开了一个端口N在等着你进行数据连接),当服务端S收到这个Port命令后 就会向客户端打开的那个端口N进行连接，这种数据连接就生成了。

Pasv模式（被动模式）:

当客户端C向服务端S连接后，服务端S会发信息给客户端C,这个信息是(服务端S在本地打开了一个端口M,你现在去连接我吧),当客户端C收到这个信息后，就可以向服务端S的M端口进行连接,连接成功后，数据连接也建立了。

 

环境介绍：

　　centos7.4

　　ip:192.168.1.238

　　client:Win10

 

开始安装

 1、yum安装vsftp

yum -y install vsftpd ftp

 

2、启动服务

systemctl start vsftpd.service

 

3、配置文件路径

ls /etc/vsftpd

 

功能一（匿名）：

　　1、首先我们在企业中ftp服务器，一般情况下都会有个共享服务器，允许员工下载一些公司的软件或者常用的软件包（方便，不用再取外网去下载，也省带宽）

　　2、vsftp提供了匿名登录，默认anonymous_enable=YES的情况下，就启用了匿名访问，这种情况下你只能把需要给用户的文件，存放到/var/ftp/pub下（默认路径），如果想更改的话需要添加anon_root= /data/pub，后面的路径就是匿名登录后实际访问的目录。如果，总是那么多如果，匿名用户也需要上传的功能的话（一般情况下不会的）

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
anon_root=/data/pub
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
use_localtime=YES
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

 

 　　3、我们设置了匿名访问的目录是/data/pub里面，还是上传不了文件，有人说直接改成777就可以，但是改成777就无法访问了，这是由于vsftpd的安全性设置，我们需要在pub里面再创建一个upload的文件（文件夹名字随便起），给他一个777的权限就OK了。

mkdir -p /data/pub/upload
chmod -R 777 /data/pub/upload

 

功能二（虚拟用户）：

 1、首先修改配置文件

备份配置文件
#cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.bak 
#echo '' > vsftpd.conf
#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

 

2、配置文件内容（虚拟用户必须关闭虚拟用户anonymous_enable=NO）

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
anon_root=/data/pub
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
use_localtime=YES
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

guest_enable=YES
guest_username=ftpuser

user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf
virtual_use_local_privs=YES

pasv_min_port=10060
pasv_max_port=10090

accept_timeout=5
connect_timeout=1

 

当virtual_use_local_privs=YES 时，虚拟用户和本地用户有相同的权限；虚拟用户高级参数

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO  时，虚拟用户和匿名用户有相同的权限，默认是NO。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=YES，write_enable=YES时，虚拟用户具有写权限（上传、下载、删除、重命名）。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO，write_enable=YES，anon_world_readable_only=YES，anon_upload_enable=YES时，虚拟用户不能浏览目录，只能上传文件，无其他权限。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO，write_enable=YES，anon_world_readable_only=NO，anon_upload_enable=NO时，虚拟用户只能下载文件，无其他权限。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO，write_enable=YES，anon_world_readable_only=NO，anon_upload_enable=YES时，虚拟用户只能上传和下载文件，无其他权限。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO，write_enable=YES，anon_world_readable_only=NO，anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES时，虚拟用户只能下载文件和创建文件夹，无其他权限。

• 当virtual_use_local_privs=NO，write_enable=YES，anon_world_readable_only=NO，anon_other_write_enable=YES时，虚拟用户只能下载、删除和重命名文件，无其他权限。

 

# 
# 
 
use_localtime=YES     # 使用本地时(自行添加)
listen_port=21
chroot_local_user=YES   # 启用限定用户在其主目录下
idle_session_timeout=300
 
data_connection_timeout=120 # 数据连接超时时间
guest_enable=YES       # 设定启用虚拟用户功能
guest_username=ftpuser    # 指定虚拟用户的宿主用户 ftpuser（就是我们后面会新建这个用户）
# guest_username=www
# 如果ftp目录是指向网站根目录，用来上传网站程序，
# 可以指定虚拟用户的宿主用户为nginx运行账户www，可以避免很多权限设置问题 
 
 
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf  # 虚拟用户配置文件目录
virtual_use_local_privs=YES # NO时，虚拟用户和匿名用户有相同的权限，默认是NO
 
pasv_min_port=10060     # 被动模式最小端口号10060
pasv_max_port=10090     # 被动模式最大端口号10090
 
accept_timeout=5
connect_timeout=1

 

 

 3、创建宿主用户

# 创建用户 ftpuser 指定 `/home/vsftpd` 目录

useradd -g root -M -d /home/vsftpd -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser

 

# 设置用户 ftpuser 的密码

passwd ftpuser

 

# 把 /home/vsftpd 的所有权给ftpuser.root

chown -R ftpuser.root /home/vsftpd

 

4、建立虚拟用户文件

touch /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
# 编辑虚拟用户名单文件：（
# 第一行账号，第二行密码，注意：不能使用root做用户名，系统保留）

vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
# 编辑内容，下面是 vuser_passwd 内容
ftp1
12345678
ftp2
12345678
:wq!   # 保存退出

 

5、生成虚拟用户数据文件

db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db
chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db

 

6、创建用户配置

mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf # 建立虚拟用户个人vsftp的配置文件
cd /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf # 进入目录
touch ftp1 ftp2

 

每个文件（ftp1和ftp2写入如下内容，local_root=/home/vsftpd/ftp1#这里写入这个用户的实际存储路劲）

local_root=/home/vsftpd/ftp1
write_enable=YES
anon_world_readable_only=NO
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES

 

7、创建用户目录

# mkdir -p /home/vsftpd/ftp1/upload
# mkdir -p /home/vsftpd/ftp2/upload
# chown -R ftpuser.root /home/vsftpd
# chmod -R 777 /home/vsftpd/ftp1/upload
# chmod -R 777 /home/vsftpd/ftp2/upload

 

8、服务运维

systemctl restart vsftpd.service # 重启服务
systemctl start vsftpd.service # 启动服务
systemctl status vsftpd.service # 服务状态查看

 

9、调用虚拟用户的PAM文件

# cd /etc/pam.d/
备份vsftpd文件
#cp vsftpd vsftpd.bak

 

修改vsftpd文件内容（加入第二和第三行，下面的都全部注释，注意下面是64位操作系统，如果是32位的话lib64需要改成lib）

#%PAM-1.0

auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd

#session    optional     pam_keyinit.so    force revoke
#auth       required	pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed
#auth       required	pam_shells.so
#auth       include	password-auth
#account    include	password-auth
#session    required     pam_loginuid.so
#session    include	password-auth

 

 10、客户端调试

　1、首先每次更改配置需要重启vsftpd服务。

　2、上面每个配置文件中的内容最好是手动键入（曾经的我直接粘贴进去，cat就是没问题，但是粘贴进去就是不行）

    3、客户端windows打开cmd到后台进行连接，网页和资源管理器里面都会有缓存也看不到报错。

　4、服务器tail -f /var/log/secure查看日志（也可以tail -f /var/log/messages，这个看不出什么，前者更精准）

    5、客户端报错示例（坑了我好久，它说chroot没有读到/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list这个文件，所以我们新建这个文件就行，记得重启服务）。

　6、如果虚拟用户登录到自己的宿主目录后，不能上传文件的话，服务器端需要在宿主目录里面再新建一个文件夹，给这文件夹777权限，就可以了（直接把宿主目录设置777就会登录不了）

　7、新增用户的话，需要在/etc/vsftpd/vsuser.passwd里面追加用户（删除就是删除用户），记得使用db_load重新生成vsuser.passwd文件即可，vuser_confi里面新建一个新建账户的权限文件，宿主目录记得新建存储文件。

　8、建议使用ftp工具和cmd验证

C:\Users\Administrator>ftp  192.168.1.238
连接到 192.168.1.238。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.1.238:(none)): ftp1
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
500 OOPS: could not read chroot() list file:/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_result
远程主机关闭连接。

 

 　6、连接成功

C:\Users\Administrator>ftp  192.168.1.238
连接到 192.168.1.238。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.1.238:(none)): ftp1
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.

 

11、修改端口号

1、在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件中增加listen_port=2121（这里修改为2121）

2、在vim /etc/services文件中修改如下内容

ftp             2121/tcp
ftp             2121/udp

 

注意：上面修改的只是链接端口号，既然更改了连接端口号，别忘记访问的时候修改端口。

 

既然我们设置的是被动模式（服务器被动打开数据端口，只有在数据链接的时候才会使用，下面我们用ftp工具能成功连接，当打开某个文件夹的时候（请求数据的时候），才会使用该端口，但是我这里使用了iptables，之允许了2121通过我们设置的是10060到10090端口，具体如下）

 

cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

 

 

设置iptables就可以了

 

 

 参考地址：

https://blog.csdn.net/hanchao_h/article/details/72731996?locationNum=11&fps=1

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Vsftpd%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE#.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AEPAM.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6

 

===================== End