vsftp安装配置教程
1.安装
直接使用yum安装，如果没有网络在其他机器使用yum先离线下载即可，vsftpd一般就自己不需要装其他依赖包
rpm -qa|grep vsftpd #查看是否安装 yum install -y vsftpd #安装
2.修改配置
一般要修改以下项，配置文件路径：/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO #不允许匿名登录，默认允许
chroot_list_enable=YES #不允许用户离开主目录，默认允许
另外确认以下配置未被注释或修改：
local_enable=YES #虚拟账户最终要借用宿主账号，如果为NO则宿主账号不可登录，虚拟账号最终也不可登录
pam_service_name=vsftpd #指定vsftpd登录时的认证配置文件名称，目录在/etc/pam.d
3.启停
service vsftpd start #启动
service vsftpd stop #停止
4.增加虚拟账号
ftp默认使用所有系统账号，在较多情况下我们希望添加ftp的账号但不添加系统账号，这便是ftp虚拟账号
4.1修改配置文件启用虚拟账号功能
启用虚拟账号功能，修改配置文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，在其末尾追加：
guest_enable=YES #启用虚拟账号功能 guest_username=ftp #虚拟账号在系统的宿主用户，vsftpd安装时已自动创建 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf #虚拟账号配置文件要存放在的目录
4.2安装db_load命令所在包
yum install -y db4-utils
4.3创建虚拟用户
创建/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt文件，在其中输入用户名密码奇数行是用户名，用户名下一行为该用户的密码（文件名其实随便，用来生成vuser_passwd.db而已）
cat > /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt << EOF test abcd1234 EOF
生成用户认证使用的db文件（除了后辍为.db文件名其实随便，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd中指定的认证文件与此相同即可）
db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db
编缉/etc/pam.d/vsftpd，在最前边插入以下两行（注意是在最前边插入，也不要注释原来的配置；注释原来的配置追加只有虚拟账号可登录系统账号不可登录；不注释原来的配置追加只有系统用户可登录虚拟用户不可登录）
auth sufficient pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
account sufficient pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
创建虚拟用户配置文件（在前边我们已指定配置文件目录为/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf，用户为test）
mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/ mkdir /tmp/test cat > /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/test <<EOF local_root=/tmp/test write_enable=YES anon_umask=022 anon_world_readable_only=NO anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES EOF
重启vsftpd生效
service vsftpd restart
5.chroot_local_user和chroot_list_enable在取不同值时chroot_list_file作用的说明
各参数说明都是在vsftpd.conf中都是比较清楚的；但可能一项配置涉及多个参数时各参数的意思有时不好理解。
解释一下配置锁定用户在家目录下相关参数含义：
| chroot_local_user | chroot_list_enable | chroot_list_file |
| YES | YES | 表中为不锁用户 |
| YES | NO | 表无效，全锁 |
| NO | YES | 表中为被锁用户 |
| NO | NO | 表无效，全不锁 |
| userlist_enable | userlist_deny | userlist_file |
| YES | YES | 表中为禁止ftp登录用户 |
| YES | NO | 表中为允许ftp登录用户 |
| NO | YES | 表无效 |
| NO | NO | 表无效 |
6.附录--vsftpd.conf原始内容
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES
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