外键例子
数据库之 表与表之间的关系
表1 foreign key 表2 则表1的多条记录对应表2的一条记录，即多对一 利用foreign key的原理我们可以制作两张表的多对多，一对一关系 多对多： 表1的多条记录可以对应表2的一条记录 表2的多条记录也可以对应表1的一条记录 一对一： 表1的一条记录唯一对应表2的一条记录，反之亦然 分析时，我们先从按照上面的基本原理去套，然后再翻译成真实的意义，就很好理解了
一对一（一条记录对一条记录）
书和出版社
书要关联出版社 被关联的表 create table press( id int primary key auto_increment, name char(20) ); 关联的表 create table book( book_id int primary key auto_increment, book_name varchar(20), book_price int, press_id int, constraint Fk_pressid_id foreign key(press_id) references press(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); 插记录 insert into press(name) values('新华出版社'), ('海燕出版社'), ('摆渡出版社'), ('大众出版社'); insert into book(book_name,book_price,press_id) values('Python爬虫',100,1), ('Linux',80,1), ('操作系统',70,2), ('数学',50,2), ('英语',103,3), ('网页设计',22,3);
用户和管理员（只有管理员才可以登录，一个管理员对应一个用户）
===========例子一：用户表和管理员表========= 先建被关联的表 create table user( id int primary key auto_increment, #主键自增 name char(10) ); 在建关联表 create table admin( id int primary key auto_increment, user_id int unique, password varchar(16), foreign key(user_id) references user(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); insert into user(name) values('susan1'), ('susan2'), ('susan3'), ('susan4'), ('susan5'), ('susan6'); insert into admin(user_id,password) values(4,'sds156'), (2,'531561'), (6,'f3swe');
学生表和客户表
========例子二：学生表和客户表========= create table customer( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10), qq int unique, phone int unique ); create table student1( sid int primary key auto_increment, course char(20), class_time time, cid int unique, foreign key(cid) references customer(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values('小小',13564521,11111111), ('嘻哈',14758254,22222222), ('王维',44545522,33333333), ('胡军',545875212,4444444), ('李希',145578543,5555555), ('李迪',754254653,8888888), ('艾哈',74545145,8712547), ('啧啧',11147752,7777777); insert into student1(course,class_time,cid) values('python','08:30:00',3), ('python','08:30:00',4), ('linux','08:30:00',1), ('linux','08:30:00',7);
多对多（多条记录对多条记录）
书和作者
========书和作者，另外在建一张表来存书和作者的关系 #被关联的 create table book1( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10), price float(3,2) ); #========被关联的 create table author( id int primary key auto_increment, name char(5) ); #========关联的 create table author2book( id int primary key auto_increment, book_id int not null, author_id int not null, unique(book_id,author_id), foreign key(book_id) references book1(id) on delete cascade on update cascade, foreign key(author_id) references author(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); #========插入记录 insert into book1(name,price) values('九阳神功',9.9), ('葵花宝典',9.5), ('辟邪剑谱',5), ('降龙十巴掌',7.3); insert into author(name) values('egon'),('e1'),('e2'),('e3'),('e4'); insert into author2book(book_id,author_id) values(1,1), (1,4), (2,1), (2,5), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (4,5);
用户表，用户组，主机表
-- 用户组 create table user ( id int primary key auto_increment, username varchar(20) not null, password varchar(50) not null ); insert into user(username,password) values('egon','123'), ('root',147), ('alex',123), ('haiyan',123), ('yan',123); -- 用户组表 create table usergroup( id int primary key auto_increment, groupname varchar(20) not null unique ); insert into usergroup(groupname) values('IT'), ('Sale'), ('Finance'), ('boss'); -- 建立user和usergroup的关系表 create table user2usergroup( id int not NULL UNIQUE auto_increment, user_id int not null, group_id int not NULL, PRIMARY KEY(user_id,group_id), foreign key(user_id) references user(id) ON DELETE CASCADE on UPDATE CASCADE , foreign key(group_id) references usergroup(id) ON DELETE CASCADE on UPDATE CASCADE ); insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4);
-- 主机表 CREATE TABLE host( id int primary key auto_increment, ip CHAR(15) not NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT '127.0.0.1' ); insert into host(ip) values('172.16.45.2'), ('172.16.31.10'), ('172.16.45.3'), ('172.16.31.11'), ('172.10.45.3'), ('172.10.45.4'), ('172.10.45.5'), ('192.168.1.20'), ('192.168.1.21'), ('192.168.1.22'), ('192.168.2.23'), ('192.168.2.223'), ('192.168.2.24'), ('192.168.3.22'), ('192.168.3.23'), ('192.168.3.24'); -- 业务线表 create table business( id int primary key auto_increment, business varchar(20) not null unique ); insert into business(business) values ('轻松贷'), ('随便花'), ('大富翁'), ('穷一生'); -- 建立host和business关系表 CREATE TABLE host2business( id int not null unique auto_increment, host_id int not null , business_id int not NULL , PRIMARY KEY(host_id,business_id), foreign key(host_id) references host(id)， FOREIGN KEY(business_id) REFERENCES business(id) ); insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,4);
-- 建立user和host的关系 create table user2host( id int not null unique auto_increment, user_id int not null, host_id int not null, primary key(user_id,host_id), foreign key(user_id) references user(id), foreign key(host_id) references host(id) ); insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), (1,10), (1,11), (1,12), (1,13), (1,14), (1,15), (1,16), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (3,10), (3,11), (3,12);
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