python基础篇03-range/for/break/continue/while/if
range:
for i in range(3) #0 1 2(默认步长为1)
range(1,5,2) # 1-4步长为2,即1,3
range(10,0,-1) # 10-0 倒着取值
range(10,0,-2) # 10-0 倒着取值,步长为2
if:
语法:
if 条件:
满足条件执行代码
elif 条件:
上面的条件不满足执行这个
elif 条件:
上面的条件不满足执行这个
else:
所有条件都不满足则执行这个
for循环:in后面必须是可迭代对象,可以是range/列表/元组/字典/字符串/生成器/迭代器 。
可迭代对象:
即对象内部有__inter__方法。
1 #__author: Administrator
2 #date: 2016/8/22
3 _user ="lriwu"
4 _passwd = "abc123"
5 passed_authentication = False #假,不成立 6 for i in range(3): #0 1 2 7 username = input("Username:") 8 password = input("Password:") 9 if username == _user and password == _passwd : 10 print("Welcome %s login...." % _user) 11 passed_authentication = True #,真,成立 12 break #跳出,中断 13 else: 14 print("Invalid username or password !") 15 if not passed_authentication:#只有在True的情况下,条件成立 16 print("账号锁定。")
#__author: Administrator #date: 2016/8/22 _user ="lriwu" _passwd = "abc123" passed_authentication = False #假,不成立 for i in range(3): #0 1 2 username = input("Username:") password = input("Password:") if username == _user and password == _passwd : print("Welcome %s login...." % _user) passed_authentication = True #,真,成立 break #跳出,中断 else: print("Invalid username or password !") else: print("账号锁定。") #只要上面的for循环正常执行完毕,中间没有被打断,就会执行else语句。
for循环内部三件事:
1.调用可迭代对象的iter()方法返回一个迭代器对象;(于是就有了next()方法)
2.不断调用迭代器的next()方法;
3.处理StopIteration异常。
continue:
1 #__author: Administrator 2 #date: 2016/8/22 3 4 exit_flag = False 5 6 for i in range(10): 7 if i <5: 8 continue #结束本次循环,进入下次循环 9 print(i ) 10 for j in range(10): 11 print("layer2",j) 12 if j == 6: 13 exit_flag = True 14 break #结束循环 15 if exit_flag: 16 break
while:
1 #__author: Administrator 2 #date: 2016/8/22 3 _user ="lriwu" 4 _passwd = "abc123" 5 counter = 0 6 while counter <3: 7 username = input("Username:") 8 password = input("Password:") 9 if username == _user and password == _passwd : 10 print("Welcome %s login...." % _user) 11 break #跳出,中断 12 else: 13 print("Invalid username or password !") 14 counter += 1 15 if counter == 3: 16 keep_going_choice = input("还想玩么?[y/n]") 17 if keep_going_choice == "y": 18 counter = 0 19 20 else: 21 print("账号锁定")