C#中SqlParameter
一般来说,在更新DataTable或是DataSet时,如果不采用SqlParameter,那么当输入的Sql语句出现歧义时,如字符串中含有单引号,程序就会发生错误,并且他人可以轻易地通过拼接Sql语句来进行注入攻击。
1 string sql = "update Table1 set name = 'Pudding' where ID = '1'";//未采用SqlParameter 2 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(); 3 conn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.\\SQLExpress;Integrated Security=true;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\\Database.mdf;User Instance=true";//连接字符串与数据库有关 4 SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); 5 try 6 { 7 conn.Open(); 8 return(cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()); 9 } 10 catch (Exception) 11 { 12 return -1; 13 throw; 14 } 15 finally 16 { 17 conn.Close(); 18 }
上述代码未采用SqlParameter,除了存在安全性问题,该方法还无法解决二进制流的更新,如图片文件。通过使用SqlParameter可以解决上述问题,常见的使用方法有两种,Add方法和AddRange方法。
一、Add方法
1 SqlParameter sp = new SqlParameter("@name","Pudding"); 2 cmd.Parameters.Add(sp); 3 sp = new SqlParameter("@ID","1"); 4 cmd.Parameters.Add(sp);
该方法每次只能添加一个SqlParameter。上述代码的功能是将ID值等于1的字段name更新为Pudding(人名)。
二、AddRange方法
SqlParameter[] paras = new SqlParameter[] { new SqlParameter("@name","Pudding"),new SqlParameter("@ID","1") };cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paras);
或者直接用占位符替换
1 SqlDBConnect sqldbc = new SqlDBConnect(); 2 string sql_select = "select PassWord from T_Admin where AdminId =@AdminId and Password=@Password"; 3 SqlParameter[] parms = new SqlParameter[] 4 { 5 new SqlParameter("@AdminId",AdminId), 6 new SqlParameter("@Password",PassWord) 7 }; 8 DataTable dt = sqldbc.GetDataTable(sql_select,parms); //自定义方法获取数据库表
显然,Add方法在添加多个SqlParameter时不方便,此时,可以采用AddRange方法。
下面是通过SqlParameter向数据库存储及读取图片的代码。
public int SavePhoto(string photourl) { FileStream fs = new FileStream(photourl, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);//创建FileStream对象,用于向BinaryReader写入字节数据流 BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fs);//创建BinaryReader对象,用于写入下面的byte数组 byte[] photo = br.ReadBytes((int)fs.Length);//新建byte数组,写入br中的数据 br.Close();//记得要关闭br fs.Close();//还有fs string sql = "update Table1 set photo = @photo where ID = '0'"; SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(); conn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.\\SQLExpress;Integrated Security=true;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\\Database.mdf;User Instance=true"; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); SqlParameter sp = new SqlParameter("@photo", photo); cmd.Parameters.Add(sp); try { conn.Open(); return (cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()); } catch (Exception) { return -1; throw; } finally { conn.Close(); } } public void ReadPhoto(string url) { string sql = "select photo from Table1 where ID = '0'"; SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(); conn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.\\SQLExpress;Integrated Security=true;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\\Database.mdf;User Instance=true"; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); try { conn.Open(); SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();//采用SqlDataReader的方法来读取数据 if (reader.Read()) { byte[] photo = reader[0] as byte[];//将第0列的数据写入byte数组 FileStream fs = new FileStream(url,FileMode.CreateNew);创建FileStream对象,用于写入字节数据流 fs.Write(photo,0,photo.Length);//将byte数组中的数据写入fs fs.Close();//关闭fs } reader.Close();//关闭reader } catch (Exception ex) { throw; } finally { conn.Close(); }
}}
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