可以使用属性(Attribute)将类的元素标为可序列化的(Serializable)和不可被序列化的(NonSerialized)。.NET中有两个类实现了IFormatter借口的类中的Serialize和Deserialize方法:BinaryFormatter和SoapFormatter。这两个类的区别在于数据流的格式不同。
使用BinaryFormatter进行序列化
在下面这个例子中我们建立一个自定义类型(Insect)集合,使用BinaryFormatter将它们写到二进制文件,然后再将他们读回。
注:以下程序需要导入一些命名空间:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
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我们使用一个标准属性将整个Insect类声明为可序列化的。但是因为一个字段被声明为不可序列化,所以这个字段不能被持久化。
我们先做一个试验,我们只实例化一个Insect对象,创建一个文件,然后使用BinaryFormatter对象和Serialize方法写出这个Insect对象:
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如果在Visual Studio打开Insect.bin文件就会看到以下内容:
FBinaryFormatter, Version=
我们可以注意到并没有id字段,因为它没有被序列化。
现在,我们增加几个Insect对象。
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下面是这个程序的输出:
Meadow Brown:0
Marsh Fritillary:0
Speckled Wood:0
Milkweed:0
id值是0,其原因是很明显的(它在foreach循环中构造Insect的期间被初始化为0)。
注意,我们非常小心地先读回一个Insect对象 - 在读回集合之前已经被序列化到文件的对象。
另外,在我们使用Deserialize时,必须对返回的对象进行类型转换,因为这个方法返回一个一般性的对象。
在后面添加的集合中有三个Insect的数据,这节省了一些开销,因为只需要为第一列的Insect记录Insect类的类型信息。
另外一个有意思的地方是,序列化机制显然能够读写列中的私有字段。
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