DesignPattern.Ch9.Prototype.Note

原型模式（Prototype）,用原型实例制定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象[DP]。

“原型模式其实就是从一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象，而不需要知道任何创建的细节。”

基础知识this.MemberwiseClone(),MSDN解释:创建对象的浅表副本。方法是创建一个新的对象，然后将该对象的非静态字段复制到该新对象。如果字段是值类型，则对字段执行逐位复制。如果对象是引用类型则复制引用而不复制引用的对象；因此原始对象和副本引用一个对象。

在.NET在System命名空间提供了ICloneable接口，其中的唯一一个方法Clone()这样只需实现这个接口就可以完成原型模型了。

所以在使用Clone方法时候一定要注意属性是值类型还是引用类型。

值类型原型模式：

namespace Pattern.Prototype.ValueTypeClone
{
    class Resume : ICloneable
    {
        private string Name { get; set; }
        private string Sex { get; set; }
        private string Age { get; set; }
        private string TimeArea { get; set; }
        private string Company { get; set; }
        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
        }
        public void SetPersinalInfo(string age, string sex)
        {
            this.Sex = sex;
            this.Age = age;
        }
        public void SetWorkExprience(string timeArea, string company)
        {
            this.TimeArea = timeArea;
            this.Company = company;
        }
        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}",Name,Sex,Age);
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历{0} {1}",TimeArea,Company);
        }
        public object Clone()
        {
            return (object)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }
}

属性为值类型不存在复制问题。

引用类型原型浅度Clone问题：

namespace Pattern.Prototype.ReferenceClone
{
    class WorkExperience
    {
        public string Time { get; set; }
        public String Company { get; set; }
    }

    class Resume : ICloneable
    {
        private string Name { get; set; }
        private string Sex { get; set; }
        private string Age { get; set; }

        WorkExperience WorkExprience { get; set; }

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
            this.WorkExprience = new WorkExperience();
        }
        public void SetPersinalInfo(string age, string sex)
        {
            this.Sex = sex;
            this.Age = age;
        }
        public void SetWorkExprience(string timeArea, string company)
        {
            this.WorkExprience.Time = timeArea;
            this.WorkExprience.Company = company;
        }
        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", Name, Sex, Age);
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历{0} {1}", WorkExprience.Time, WorkExprience.Company);
        }
        public object Clone()
        {
            return (object)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }
}

只Clone引用，不能个性化使用属性。

引用类型自定义一级深度复制：

namespace Pattern.Prototype.DeepClone
{
    class WorkExperience
    {
        public string Time { get; set; }
        public String Company { get; set; }
    }

    class Resume : ICloneable
    {
        private string Name { get; set; }
        private string Sex { get; set; }
        private string Age { get; set; }

        WorkExperience Work { get; set; }

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
            this.Work = new WorkExperience();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 提供自的定深度复制的私有构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="experience"></param>
        private Resume(WorkExperience experience)
        {
            this.Work = (WorkExperience)this.Clone();
        }
        public void SetPersinalInfo(string age, string sex)
        {
            this.Sex = sex;
            this.Age = age;
        }
        public void SetWorkExprience(string timeArea, string company)
        {
            this.Work.Time = timeArea;
            this.Work.Company = company;
        }
        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", Name, Sex, Age);
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历{0} {1}", Work.Time, Work.Company);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 只复制一层的深度复制
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public object Clone()
        {
            Resume obj = new Resume(this.Name);
            obj.Work.Time = this.Work.Time;
            obj.Work.Company = this.Work.Company;
            obj.Age = this.Age;
            obj.Sex = this.Sex;
            return obj;
        }
    }
}

深度Clone一层对象，可以自定义设置属性。