ROS2学习之旅(16)——创建自定义ROS2 msg和srv文件

1.创建功能包

在本文中,将在自己的包中创建自定义的.msg.srv文件,然后在另外的包中使用它们,这两个包应该在同一个工作空间中。

本文将使用在前面文章中创建的pub/sub和service/client包【可参考前几篇RO2学习之旅的文章】,请确保处在dev_ws/src目录下,然后运行以下命令创建一个新包:

ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_cmake tutorial_interfaces

tutorial_interfaces是新包的名称。注意,它是一个CMake包,目前还没有办法在纯Python包中生成.msg.srv文件。但是,可以在CMake包中创建自定义接口,然后在Python节点中使用它。

.msg.srv文件保存在自己的包中是一种很好的做法。在dev_ws/src/tutorial_interfaces目录下创建:

mkdir msg

mkdir srv

2.创建自定义消息文件

2.1自定义msg文件

tutorial_interfaces/msg文件夹下,创建一个名为Num.msg的新文件,用一行代码声明它的数据结构:

int64 num

这是自定义的消息,它传输一个名称为num的64位整数。

2.2自定义srv文件

tutorial_interfaces/srv文件夹下,创建一个名为AddThreeInts.srv的新文件,并声明他的请求和响应结构:

int64 a
int64 b
int64 c
---
int64 sum

这是定制的服务,它请求三个名为a、b和c的整数,并以一个名为sum的整数进行响应。

3.CMakeLists.txt

要将自定义的接口(interface)转换成基于语言的代码(如C++和Python),以便它们可以在这些语言中使用,请将以下代码添加到CMakeLists.txt中:

find_package(rosidl_default_generators REQUIRED)

rosidl_generate_interfaces(${PROJECT_NAME}
  "msg/Num.msg"
  "srv/AddThreeInts.srv"
 )

4.package.xml

因为接口依赖于rosidl_default_generators来生成基于语言的代码,所以需要声明对它的依赖关系。将以下行添加到package.xml中:

<build_depend>rosidl_default_generators</build_depend>

<exec_depend>rosidl_default_runtime</exec_depend>

<member_of_group>rosidl_interface_packages</member_of_group>

5.编译 tutorial_interfaces

在工作空间的根目录(~/dev_ws)中,运行以下命令:

colcon build --packages-select tutorial_interfaces

现在接口将被其他ROS 2包发现。

6.验证msg和srv的创建

打开新终端,在dev_ws下运行:

. install/setup.bash

可以使用ros2 interface show命令确认接口创建工作:

ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/msg/Num

返回:

int64 num

运行:

ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/srv/AddThreeInts

返回:

int64 a
int64 b
int64 c
---
int64 sum

7.测试新接口

使用在前面的文章中创建的包,对节点、CMakelistpackage文件进行一些简单的修改,就可以使用新的接口。

7.1使用pub/sub测试Num.msg

对前面创建的发布节点进行修改(~/dev_ws/src/cpp_pubsub/src/publisher_member_function.cpp)。

Publisher:

#include <chrono>
#include <memory>

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

class MinimalPublisher : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalPublisher()
  : Node("minimal_publisher"), count_(0)
  {
    publisher_ = this->create_publisher<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>("topic", 10);    // CHANGE
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      500ms, std::bind(&MinimalPublisher::timer_callback, this));
  }

private:
  void timer_callback()
  {
    auto message = tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num();                               // CHANGE
    message.num = this->count_++;                                        // CHANGE
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Publishing: '%d'", message.num);    // CHANGE
    publisher_->publish(message);
  }
  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_;
  rclcpp::Publisher<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>::SharedPtr publisher_;         // CHANGE
  size_t count_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<MinimalPublisher>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

对前面创建的订阅节点进行修改(~/dev_ws/src/cpp_pubsub/src/subscriber_member_function.cpp.cpp)。

Subscriber:

#include <memory>

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE
using std::placeholders::_1;

class MinimalSubscriber : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalSubscriber()
  : Node("minimal_subscriber")
  {
    subscription_ = this->create_subscription<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>(          // CHANGE
      "topic", 10, std::bind(&MinimalSubscriber::topic_callback, this, _1));
  }

private:
  void topic_callback(const tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num::SharedPtr msg) const       // CHANGE
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "I heard: '%d'", msg->num);              // CHANGE
  }
  rclcpp::Subscription<tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num>::SharedPtr subscription_;       // CHANGE
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<MinimalSubscriber>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

修改CMakeLists.txt:

#...

find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tutorial_interfaces REQUIRED)                         # CHANGE

add_executable(talker src/publisher_member_function.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(talker rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)         # CHANGE

add_executable(listener src/subscriber_member_function.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(listener rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)     # CHANGE

install(TARGETS
  talker
  listener
  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

ament_package()

package.xml中添加:

<depend>tutorial_interfaces</depend>

接着,编译整个包:

colcon build --packages-select cpp_pubsub

打开新终端,source dev_ws , 并运行:

ros2 run cpp_pubsub talker
ros2 run cpp_pubsub listener

因为Num.msg只传递一个整数,所以它应该只发布整数值,而不是之前发布的字符串:

[INFO] [minimal_publisher]: Publishing: '0'
[INFO] [minimal_publisher]: Publishing: '1'
[INFO] [minimal_publisher]: Publishing: '2'

7.2使用service/client测试AddThreeInts.srv

对前面创建的发布节点进行修改(~/dev_ws/src/cpp_srvcli/src/add_two_ints_server.cpp)。

Service:

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/srv/add_three_ints.hpp"     // CHANGE

#include <memory>

void add(const std::shared_ptr<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Request> request,     // CHANGE
          std::shared_ptr<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Response>       response)  // CHANGE
{
  response->sum = request->a + request->b + request->c;                                       // CHANGE
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Incoming request\na: %ld" " b: %ld" " c: %ld",   // CHANGE
                request->a, request->b, request->c);                                          // CHANGE
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "sending back response: [%ld]", (long int)response->sum);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_three_ints_server");  // CHANGE

  rclcpp::Service<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>::SharedPtr service =                 // CHANGE
    node->create_service<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>("add_three_ints",  &add);     // CHANGE

  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Ready to add three ints.");      // CHANGE

  rclcpp::spin(node);
  rclcpp::shutdown();
}

对前面创建的发布节点进行修改(~/dev_ws/src/cpp_srvcli/src/add_two_ints_client.cpp)。

Client:

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/srv/add_three_ints.hpp"        // CHANGE

#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  if (argc != 4) { // CHANGE
      RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "usage: add_three_ints_client X Y Z");      // CHANGE
      return 1;
  }

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_three_ints_client"); // CHANGE
  rclcpp::Client<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>::SharedPtr client =                        // CHANGE
    node->create_client<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts>("add_three_ints");                  // CHANGE

  auto request = std::make_shared<tutorial_interfaces::srv::AddThreeInts::Request>();               // CHANGE
  request->a = atoll(argv[1]);
  request->b = atoll(argv[2]);
  request->c = atoll(argv[3]);               // CHANGE

  while (!client->wait_for_service(1s)) {
    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
      RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Interrupted while waiting for the service. Exiting.");
      return 0;
    }
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "service not available, waiting again...");
  }

  auto result = client->async_send_request(request);
  // Wait for the result.
  if (rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(node, result) ==
    rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Sum: %ld", result.get()->sum);
  } else {
    RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Failed to call service add_three_ints");    // CHANGE
  }

  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

修改CMakeLists.txt:

#...

find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tutorial_interfaces REQUIRED)        # CHANGE

add_executable(server src/add_two_ints_server.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(server
  rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)                      #CHANGE

add_executable(client src/add_two_ints_client.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(client
  rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)                      #CHANGE

install(TARGETS
  server
  client
  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

ament_package()

package.xml文件中添加:

<depend>tutorial_interfaces</depend>

编译包:

colcon build --packages-select cpp_srvcli

打开新终端, source dev_ws , 并运行:

ros2 run cpp_srvcli server
ros2 run cpp_srvcli client 2 3 1

8.总结

在本文中,学习了如何在自己的包中创建自定义接口,以及如何从其他包中利用这些接口。

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posted @ 2021-07-15 11:31  Love&Robot  阅读(2695)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报