python socket单线程通信
注意 socket通信默认的情况下是属于阻塞形式通信,在recv与accept函数会进行阻塞
1.客户端正常退出的情况下,server端的con的通道会正常的关闭,recv直接赋值为空
2.在windows下,使用pycharm的强制终端客户端,会造成,con通道的破坏,造成服务器端的异常(可以通过捕获异常来避免),在linux程序端,不会出现该问题
3.在发送数据的时候,send为空的情况下,在recv下,默认就是不处理,还处在阻塞的状态。 因此规定不能发送为空
4.socket通信的在py3里面,只能发送bytes类型 str-->bytes: bytes(str,"utf-8")
bytes-->str:str(bytes"utf-8")
一.基础代码
server端:
import socket server = socket.socket() server.bind(("127.0.0.1",6969)) server.listen() con,addr=server.accept() while True: data=con.recv(1024) data_uper=str(data,"utf-8").upper() con.send(bytes(data_uper,"utf-8"))
client端
import socket client = socket.socket() client.connect(('127.0.0.1',6969)) x=input(">>:") client.send(bytes("good 你好",encoding="utf-8")) data=client.recv(1024) print(str(data,"utf-8"))
二.不间断聊天代码实现:
server
import socket server = socket.socket() server.bind(("127.0.0.1",6969)) server.listen() while True: con,addr=server.accept() print(addr) while True: try: data=con.recv(1024)#在程序正常退出,也就是con的tcp连接正常中断,data直接为0执行下一步 except Exception as e: break #防止在windows下,强制关闭,con通道错误而报错,linux下不用这样 if not data:break print(str(data,"utf8")) x=input(">:") con.send(bytes(x,"utf-8"))
client
import socket client = socket.socket() client.connect(('127.0.0.1',6969)) while True: x=input(">>:") if not x:continue #解决在阻塞模型下,直接回车卡住的bug client.send(bytes(x,encoding="utf-8")) data=client.recv(1024) print(str(data,"utf-8"))
三.实现类似ssh的命令。实现大数据发送的基础以及粘包的问题:
在send的时候,缓存区会不断的发送数据,但是recv接受的数据大小每次都有界限。也就是说每次发送的数据过量,一次recv是接受不完的,因为调用了解决办法:
1.在发送端,先发送要发送的数据的大小
2.在接受端,通过接受的数据 与 接受的数据大小 进行比较而接入不断的接受
坑:1.int 与 bytes 不能直接转换。 2.len的大小 在str类型 与 bytes类型之间的大小是不一致的 3.在两次send直接会出现粘包的问题(通过一次recv最来解决)
粘包是因为两次send在缓存区,会一次性发送
server端
import os import socket server = socket.socket() server.bind(("127.0.0.1",6969)) server.listen() while True: con,addr=server.accept() print(addr) while True: try: data=con.recv(1024)#在程序正常退出,也就是con的tcp连接正常中断,data直接为0执行下一步 except Exception as e: break #防止在windows下,强制关闭,con通道错误而报错,linux下不用这样 if not data:break cmd_line=str(data,"utf-8") cmd_result=os.popen(cmd_line,"r").read() if not cmd_result: #当os.popen执行非系统命令时,返回值为空 cmd_result = "未知命令" cmd_result=bytes(cmd_result,"utf-8") cmd_result_len=bytes(str(len(cmd_result)),"utf-8") #int与bytes之间不能直接转换。 #len 在str与bytes类型之间的长度是不一致的!!! print("发送数据长度",str(cmd_result_len,"utf-8")) con.send(cmd_result_len) flag=con.recv(1024) #通过一次recv来解决两个send之间粘包的问题。 con.send(cmd_result)
clinet端
import socket client = socket.socket() client.connect(('127.0.0.1',6969)) while True: x=input(">>:") if not x:continue client.send(bytes(x,encoding="utf-8")) recv_len=int(str(client.recv(1024),"utf-8")) client.send(bytes("ok","utf-8")) print(recv_len) data=bytes() while len(data) != recv_len: data += client.recv(1024) print(str(data,"utf-8"))
四、实现文件下载:
在python中数据都是bytes类型,打开文件 以rb,wb的类型打开。
1.在服务方:
通过os模块,读取文件的大小,使用f.read(size)读取指定数量,通过该大小来循环发送数据
2.在客户端
先接受数据的大小,通过已经接受的数据 与 文件大小来判断大小
服务器端
import os import socket server = socket.socket() server.bind(("127.0.0.1",6969)) server.listen() while True: con,addr = server.accept() while True: cmd=str(con.recv(1024),"utf-8") print(cmd) cmd = cmd.split() if cmd[0] == "push": print(cmd[0]) f = open(cmd[1], "rb") file_size = os.stat(cmd[1]).st_size print(file_size) con.send(bytes(str(file_size), encoding="utf-8")) flag=con.recv(1024) # for line in f: # con.send(line) data_size=0 while file_size != data_size: data=f.read(1024) con.send(data) data_size += len(data) print(data_size) print("发送完毕") f.close()
客户端
import socket import os client = socket.socket() client.connect(("127.0.0.1",6969)) while True: cmd=bytes(input("->:"),"utf8") client.send(cmd) file_size = int(str(client.recv(1024), "utf-8")) client.send("ok".encode("utf-8")) data_len = 0 f = open("1.new.avi","wb") while file_size != data_len: data = client.recv(1024) data_len += len(data) f.write(data) print(data_len) f.close()
五、多client并发连接 sockserver
创建sockserver四大步骤:
- First, you must create a request handler class by subclassing the
BaseRequestHandler
class and overriding itshandle()
method; this method will process incoming requests. - Second, you must instantiate one of the server classes, passing it the server’s address and the request handler class.
- Then call the
handle_request()
orserve_forever()
method of the server object to process one or many requests. - Finally, call
server_close()
to close the socket.
import socketserver class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): """ The request handler class for our server. It is instantiated once per connection to the server, and must override the handle() method to implement communication to the client. """ def handle(self): # self.request is the TCP socket connected to the client self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip() print("{} wrote:".format(self.client_address[0])) print(self.data) # just send back the same data, but upper-cased self.request.sendall(self.data.upper()) if __name__ == "__main__": HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999 # Create the server, binding to localhost on port 9999 server = socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler) # Activate the server; this will keep running until you # interrupt the program with Ctrl-C server.serve_forever()
这里还不能直接使用:
我们调用多线程的类 就可以使用了
server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler)