mysql主从

mysql主从

主从简介

在现代企业中,数据显得尤为重要,而存储数据的数据库选择又五花八门,但无论是何种数据库,均存在着一种隐患。

想几个问题:

  • 用一台数据库存放数据,若此数据库服务器宕机了导致数据丢失怎么办?
  • 业务量大了,数据多了,访问的人多了,一台数据库无法保证服务质量了怎么办?

主从作用

  • 实时灾备,用于故障切换
  • 读写分离,提供查询服务
  • 备份,避免影响业务

主从形式

  • 一主一从
  • 主主复制
  • 一主多从---扩展系统读取的性能,因为读是在从库读取的
  • 多主一从---5.7开始支持
  • 联级复制

主从复制原理

主从复制步骤:

  • 主库将所有的写操作记录到binlog日志中并生成一个log dump线程,将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程
  • 从库生成两个线程,一个I/O线程,一个SQL线程
  • I/O线程去请求主库的binlog,并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志) 文件中
  • SQL线程,会读取relay log文件中的日志,并解析成具体操作,来实现主从的操作一致,达到最终数据一致的目的

主从复制配置

主从复制配置步骤:

1.确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
2.在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
3.配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
4.配置从数据库(修改配置文件)
需求:
搭建两台MySQL服务器,一台作为主服务器,一台作为从服务器,主服务器进行写操作,从服务器进行读操作

环境说明:

数据库角色 IP 应用与系统版本 有无数据
主数据库 172.16.12.128 centos8/redhat8mysql-5.7 有数据
从数据库 172.16.12.129 centos8/redhat8mysql-5.7 无数据

mysql安装

分别在主从两台服务器上安装mysql-5.7版本,此处略过安装步骤,若有疑问请参考《mysql基础》与《mysql进阶》两篇文章。

mysql主从配置

确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样

为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样,先全备主数据库并还原到从数据库中
查看主库有哪些库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crouce             |
| ljl0               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.14 sec)


查看从库有哪些库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crouce             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

全备主库
全备主库时需要另开一个终端,给数据库加上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致

mysql> flush tables with read lock; 此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出

备份主库并将备份文件传送到从库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > /opt/all-databases-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ls
all-databases-2022-07-31-12-19-54.sql  data


[root@localhost opt]# scp /opt/all-databases-2022-07-31-12-19-54.sql  root@192.168.203.136:/opt/
The authenticity of host '192.168.203.136 (192.168.203.136)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:kkx5iMZVCVXStmj9rLXfZHTkfTOajbp7CXETBAHAYBg.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? y
Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.203.136' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

解除主库的锁表状态,直接退出交互式界面即可

mysql> quit
Bye

在从库上恢复主库的备份并查看从库有哪些库,确保与主库一致

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/all-databases-2022-07-31-12-19-54.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crouce             |
| ljl0               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用

mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.203.136' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.203.136';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


配置主数据库

在主服务器上配置主从复制,开启二进制日志,设置服务id

[root@localhost opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
log-bin=mysql_bin  //开启二进制日志
server_id=1  // 设置从库的唯一标识符,主库的server-id值必须小于从库的该值

重启从库的mysql服务
[root@localhost opt]# systemctl  restart mysqld

[root@localhost opt]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3306                  *:*                
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22                 [::]:*           

查看主库的状态

[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show master status;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000007 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

配置从数据库

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

server-id=2  //设置从库的唯一标识符,从库的server-id值必须小于主库的该值
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin   //启用中继日志relay-log
重启从库的mysql服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3306                  *:*                
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22                 [::]:*      

配置并启动主从复制

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.203.133',
    -> master_user='repl',
    -> master_password='repl123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql_bin.000007',
    -> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看从服务器状态

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                  Master_Host: 192.168.203.133
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000007
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000007
             Slave_IO_Running: yes  /I/O必须yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  //sql必须yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 154
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 2003
                Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'root@192.168.203.133:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 1
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 0
                  Master_UUID: 
             Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 220731 12:47:43
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试验证

在主服务器的ljl0库的students表中插入数据
mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name   | age  | sex  | height | course_id |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | dany   |   25 | 男   |    160 |         1 |
|  2 | green  |   23 | 男   |    158 |         2 |
|  3 | henry  |   23 | 女   |    185 |         1 |
|  4 | jane   |   22 | 男   |    162 |         3 |
|  5 | jim    |   24 | 女   |    175 |         2 |
|  6 | john   |   21 | 男   |    172 |         4 |
|  7 | lily   |   22 | 男   |    165 |         4 |
|  8 | susan  |   23 | 男   |    170 |         5 |
|  9 | thomas |   22 | 女   |    178 |         5 |
| 10 | tom    |   23 | 女   |    165 |         5 |
| 11 | liming |   19 | 男   |    150 |         8 |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert students(id,name,age,sex,height,course_id)  values (12,'ljl',22,'男',1882,6),(13,'qqq',23,'男',111,6);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name   | age  | sex  | height | course_id |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | dany   |   25 | 男   |    160 |         1 |
|  2 | green  |   23 | 男   |    158 |         2 |
|  3 | henry  |   23 | 女   |    185 |         1 |
|  4 | jane   |   22 | 男   |    162 |         3 |
|  5 | jim    |   24 | 女   |    175 |         2 |
|  6 | john   |   21 | 男   |    172 |         4 |
|  7 | lily   |   22 | 男   |    165 |         4 |
|  8 | susan  |   23 | 男   |    170 |         5 |
|  9 | thomas |   22 | 女   |    178 |         5 |
| 10 | tom    |   23 | 女   |    165 |         5 |
| 11 | liming |   19 | 男   |    150 |         8 |
| 12 | ljl    |   22 | 男   |    182 |         6 |
| 13 | qqq    |   23 | 男   |    111 |         6 |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从数据库中查看数据是否同步
mysql> use ljl0;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
————————————————
版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「Grieved-林」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53388991/article/details/126075723
mysql> select * from students;
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
| id | name   | age  | sex  | height | course_id |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | dany   |   25 | 男   |    160 |         1 |
|  2 | green  |   23 | 男   |    158 |         2 |
|  3 | henry  |   23 | 女   |    185 |         1 |
|  4 | jane   |   22 | 男   |    162 |         3 |
|  5 | jim    |   24 | 女   |    175 |         2 |
|  6 | john   |   21 | 男   |    172 |         4 |
|  7 | lily   |   22 | 男   |    165 |         4 |
|  8 | susan  |   23 | 男   |    170 |         5 |
|  9 | thomas |   22 | 女   |    178 |         5 |
| 10 | tom    |   23 | 女   |    165 |         5 |
| 11 | liming |   19 | 男   |    150 |         8 |
| 12 | ljl    |   22 | 男   |    182 |         6 |
| 13 | qqq    |   23 | 男   |    111 |         6 |
+----+--------+------+------+--------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec
posted @ 2022-07-31 14:32  罗家龙  阅读(19)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报