JS前端加密JAVA后端解密详解
最近有一个加解密的需求，其实没有什么难度，但是实践过程中踩了很多坑，把踩坑过程分享出来。
1、前端JS加密
/** * 加密（需要先加载aes.min.js文件） * @param word * @returns {*} */ function aesMinEncrypt(word){ var _word = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(word), _key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("ihaierForTodoKey"), _iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("ihaierForTodo_Iv"); var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(_word, _key, { iv: _iv, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 }); return encrypted.toString(); }
/** * 解密（需要先加载aes.min.js文件） * @param word * @returns {*} */ function aesDecrypt(word) { var _key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("ihaierForTodoKey"), _iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("ihaierForTodo_Iv"); var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(word, _key, { iv: _iv, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 }); return decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8); }
key：十六位作为密钥（前后端必须一致）
iv：十六位作为密钥偏移量（前后端必须一致）
算法：AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding
注意点：JAVA本身不支持PKCS7，只支持PKCS5，但是通过实验，两者即使不一样，也可以进行解密
2、后端JAVA解密
需要导入的jar包（版本没要求）：
org.apache.commons.codec.jar
org.apache.commons.lang.jar
package com.founder.mrp.util; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; public class AesUtil { //密钥 (需要前端和后端保持一致)十六位作为密钥 private static final String KEY = "ihaierForTodoKey"; //密钥偏移量 (需要前端和后端保持一致)十六位作为密钥偏移量 private static final String IV = "ihaierForTodo_Iv"; //算法 private static final String ALGORITHMSTR = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"; //SSO的TOKEN private static final String token = "4AaWABnPB5/1Z2EIEXwSfigudpiM4kzLkmIrKQPmS9w="; /** * base 64 decode * @param base64Code 待解码的base 64 code * @return 解码后的byte[] * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] base64Decode(String base64Code) throws Exception{ /**sun.misc.BASE64Decoder是java内部类，有时候会报错， * 用org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64替代，效果一样。 */ //Base64 base64 = new Base64(); //byte[] bytes = base64.decodeBase64(new String(base64Code).getBytes()); //new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(base64Code); return StringUtils.isEmpty(base64Code) ? null : new Base64().decodeBase64(new String(base64Code).getBytes()); } /** * AES解密 * @param encryptBytes 待解密的byte[] * @return 解密后的String * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecryptByBytes(byte[] encryptBytes) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHMSTR); byte[] temp = IV.getBytes("UTF-8"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(temp); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(KEY.getBytes(), "AES"), iv); byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes); System.out.print(new String(decryptBytes)); return new String(decryptBytes); } /** * 将base 64 code AES解密 * @param encryptStr 待解密的base 64 code * @return 解密后的string * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecrypt(String encryptStr) throws Exception { return StringUtils.isEmpty(encryptStr) ? null : aesDecryptByBytes(base64Decode(encryptStr)); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { aesDecrypt(token); } }
密钥和密钥便宜量必须和前端一致
算法可以采用PKCS5（JAVA本身不支持PKCS7），如果想使用PKCS7，需要额外引入jar包。
附录：aes.min.js压缩文件
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package com.founder.mrp.util; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; /** * aes加密解密工具类 * @author hanwl * */ public class AesUtil { //密钥 (需要前端和后端保持一致)十六位作为密钥 private static final String KEY = "{g;,9~lde^[w`SR5"; //密钥偏移量 (需要前端和后端保持一致)十六位作为密钥偏移量 private static final String IV = "$JL<&*lZFsZ?:p#1"; /** * base 64 decode * @param base64Code 待解码的base 64 code * @return 解码后的byte[] */ public static byte[] base64Decode(String base64Code) { /* sun.misc.BASE64Decoder是java内部类，有时候会报错， * 用org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64替代，效果一样。 */ //Base64 base64 = new Base64(); //byte[] bytes = base64.decodeBase64(new String(base64Code).getBytes()); //new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(base64Code); return StringUtils.isEmpty(base64Code) ? null : Base64.decodeBase64(base64Code.getBytes()); } /** * AES解密 * @param encryptBytes 待解密的byte[] * @return 解密后的String * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecryptByBytes(byte[] encryptBytes) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); byte[] temp = IV.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(temp); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(KEY.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), "AES"), iv); byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes); return new String(decryptBytes); } /** * 将base 64 code AES解密 * @param encryptStr 待解密的base 64 code * @return 解密后的string * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecrypt(String encryptStr) throws Exception { return StringUtils.isEmpty(encryptStr) ? null : aesDecryptByBytes(base64Decode(encryptStr)); } @SuppressWarnings("unused") public static String aesEncrypt(String str) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(IV.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(KEY.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), "AES"), iv); byte[] encryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(encryptBytes),StandardCharsets.US_ASCII); //return java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptBytes); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ""; } } /** * 生成一个可选长度的随机数列 * @param */ public static String getRandomCode(int length){ String[] arr = new String[]{"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"}; String str=""; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { int r = (int) (Math.random()*61); str += arr[r]; } return str; } public static void main(String[] args) { String a1=aesEncrypt("12345asdfg"); System.out.println(a1); try { String a2 =aesDecrypt(a1); System.out.println(a2); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
