django+uwsgi+python3+nginx 部署项目

写在前面

之前项目要部署到线上，采用py3 + django + uwsgi + nginx 的组合，折腾了半天才搞定，写下此文留作笔记

安装nginx

1. yum install epel-release
2. yum -y install nginx
3. systemctl disable firewalld
4. 修改selinux的配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/selinux 为 SELINUX=disabled 并关闭防火墙
5. nginx的启动：nginx
6. nginx重新加载文件启动: nginx -s reload
7. nginx的配置文件位置：/etc/nginx
8. nginx开机自启动：systemctl enable nginx

安装django + uwsgi

1. pip3 install django
2. pip3 install uwsgi
   注意: 如果服务器上安装了py2,并pip install uwsgi，此时uwsgi uwsgi.ini默认使用的是py2， 而项目是py3编写的，会报什么no app load类似错误，所以我的做法是创建一个软连接
   ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi3

安装py3

首先安装依赖包

yum -y install wget
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
mkdir /usr/local/python3 
tar -xvJf  Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7.5
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
vi /usr/bin/yum
把#! /usr/bin/python修改为#! /usr/bin/python2.7.5

uwsgi 启动django项目

在django项目和manage.py的同目录下创建uwsgi.ini，内容如下

[uwsgi]
http = :8001
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = 127.0.0.1:9002
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /root/wang/smsc
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = SMSC/wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
 

daemonize = /data/logs/uwsgi/uwsgi9002.log
#monitor uwsgi status
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true

其中http设置的8001，是wsgi启动django的http端口，通过该端口可以访问django项目，但是静态页面是找不到的，可以通过配置找到静态页面，再次不做太多描述
socket设置的9002是本地socket端口，用于和nginx进行通信

cd /root/wang/smsc
uwsgi3 uwsgi.ini

nginx和uwsgi配合使用

第一步先把/etc/nginx目录下的 uwsgi_params 移动到和项目manage.py 同级目录下
第二步是编写自己的nginx配置文件，文件名自取

upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:9002; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
 
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8002;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name smsc.example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;
 
    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
 
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as 
required
    }
 
    location /static {
        autoindex on;
        alias /root/wang/smsc/static/; # your Django project's static files - amend as req
uired
    }
 
    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include   /root/wang/smsc/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

对于配置文件，有如下几个需要注意的点：

1. server 127.0.0.1:9002 中的 9002 端口对应 wsgi 的 socket 端口
2. server设置的 listen 8002 就是web的http绑定的端口，其中的8002 和uwsgi设置的http端口不要一致
3. location /static 设置的 alias /root/wang/smsc/static/， 最后需要有/，没有nginx静态文件就会找不到
4. 在django的 settings.py 里面加上STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/") ，这里我的静态文件目录是statics，`STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'statics')], static 和 statics 必须是不同的，否则会报错
5. python manage.py collectstatic
6. 把静态文件拷贝到 /etc/nginx/conf.d
7. 运行uwsgi3 uwsgi.ini
8. 运行 nginx -s reload