python学习——练习题(1)
""" 题目:有四个数字:1、2、3、4,能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数?各是多少? """ import itertools def answer1(): """自己思考完成,一开始以为两个循环就可以搞定了,结果还是要用三个循环;打印时只要效果在就好了,不用专门用int去组合成三位数字了""" print("答案一", end=":") x = ("1", "2", "3", "4") r = range(0, 4) n = 0 for i in r: for j in r: if i != j: for k in r: if k != i and k != j: s = "%s%s%s" % (x[i], x[j], x[k]) n += 1 print(s, end=',') print("共%d个" % n) answer1() def answer2(): """参考答案,本以为自己用字符串组合,够简洁了,但参考答案直接输出个样子就得了""" print("答案二", end=":") r = range(1, 5) n = 0 for i in r: for j in r: for k in r: if i != j and i != k and j != k: n += 1 print("%d%d%d" % (i, j, k), end=',') print("共%d个" % n) answer2() def answer3(): """利用列表来计算总数""" print("答案三", end=":") d = [] r = range(1, 5) for a in r: for b in r: for c in r: if a != b and a != c and b != c: d.append("%d%d%d" % (a, b, c)) print(d, end=",") print("共%d个" % len(d)) answer3() def answer4(): """在列表里面使用for 和 if 操作可迭代数据""" print("答案四", end=":") arr = [1, 2, 3, 4] newList = ["%d%d%d" % (i, j, k)for i in arr for j in arr for k in arr if i != j and i != k and j != k] print(newList, end=",") print("共%d个" % len(newList)) answer4() def answer5(): """使用从最小值到最大值轮训查找, 注意在求十位上的数值时,先求模后整除""" print("答案五", end=":") r = range(123, 433) n = 0 for i in r: a = i % 10 b = (i % 100) // 10 c = i // 100 if a != b and a != c and b != c and 0 < a < 5 and 0 < b < 5 and 0 < c < 5: n += 1 print(i, end=",") print("共%d个" % n) answer5() def answer6(): """使用集合的自动去重功能来生成三位数的组合""" print("答案六", end=":") r = range(1, 5) n = 0 for i in r: for j in r: for k in r: if len(set((i, j, k))) == 3: n += 1 print("%d%d%d" % (i, j, k), end=",") print("共%d个" % n) answer6() def answer7(): """ 利用python自带的排列方法,可以获取到所有的结果 combinations方法重点在组合,permutations方法重在排列。 还有就是,combinations和permutations返回的是对象地址, 原因是在python3里面,返回值已经不再是list,而是iterators(迭代器), 所以想要使用,只用将iterator 转换成list 即可, 还有其他一些函数返回的也是一个对象,需要list转换,比如 list(map())等 """ print("答案七", end=":") s = "1234" resultList = ["".join(i) for i in list(itertools.permutations(s, 3))] print(resultList, end=",") print("共%d个" % len(resultList)) answer7() def answer8(): """利用列表的删除机制来实现""" print("答案八", end=":") listNum = [1, 2, 3, 4] n = 0 for i in listNum: listNum1 = listNum.copy() listNum1.remove(i) for j in listNum1: listNum2 = listNum1.copy() listNum2.remove(j) for k in listNum2: n += 1 print("%d%d%d" % (i, j, k), end=",") print("共%d个" % n) answer8() def answer9(): """ 利用位运算来实现,具体原理大概是这样的: 1,2,3,4 只有四个数字, 我们只要用两个二进制位(2bit)就可以表示:00,01,10,11; 而生成的三位数,我们可以用六个二进制位(6bit)来表示,如123可以表示为:00 01 10。 根据题目要求我们可以知道能生成的最大值和最小值是123和432 ,所以我们可以取区间range(123,433),可见answer5 用二进制替换就是range(00 01 10,11 10 10),转为十进制就是range(6,58). 将i右移4位再和3进行与运算,可以获取百位的数值,例如234,可以表示01 10 11(转成十进制为27,在6-58之间), 右移4位得到01,再&3(二进制即11)可将01左边清零,得到想要的01,获取十位上的数值,就只要右移2位即可,&3都是为了左边清零, 异或运算其实就是不等于运算,最后加一是将00,01,10,11 转为对应的1,2,3,4 """ print("答案九", end=":") r = range(6, 58) n = 0 for i in r: a = i >> 4 & 3 b = i >> 2 & 3 c = i & 3 if a ^ b and b ^ c and c ^ a: n += 1 print("%d%d%d" % (a+1, b+1, c+1), end=",") print("共%d个" % n) answer9()