spring cloud实例Dome详细搭建(一)
ideal创建Springcloud实例
准备工作:
1.首先创建一个父项目,一个普通的java项目,直接next
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>springcloudParent</artifactId> <version> 1.0 -SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source> 8 </maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target> 8 </maven.compiler.target> </properties> </project> |
开始创建spring cloud的注册中心(eureka server)
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>eurekaserver</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version> 3.1 . 0 </version> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
配置一下maven,clean install下
配置一下application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | server: # 服务端口 port: 7001 spring: application: # 应用名字,eureka 会根据它作为服务id name: 127.0 . 0.1 eureka: instance: hostname: localhost client: register-with-eureka: false # 不向eureka server 注册自己 fetch-registry: false # 不向eureka server 获取服务列表 |
配置一下EurekaserverApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | package com.example.eurekaserver; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class EurekaserverApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaserverApplication. class , args); } } |
启动下,访问下localhost:7001
创建一个服务提供者
1.创建项目方式和eureka一致,在父项目下创建子项目,直接配置pom.xml
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>eurekaprovider</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>eurekaprovider</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version> 2.22 . 1 </version> <configuration> <skipTests> true </skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
EurekaproviderApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | package com.example.eurekaprovider; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class EurekaproviderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaproviderApplication. class , args); } } |
新建一个ProviderController.java的类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | package com.example.eurekaprovider; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "provider" ) public class ProviderController { @RequestMapping ( "get" ) public String getData(){ return "提供了数据" ; } } |
application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | server: port: 8001 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-order-service-provider eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka ribbon: eureka: enabled: true |
启动EurekaproviderApplication类
访问localhost:7001
可以看到8001服务提供者已经注册上去了
访问http://localhost:8001/provider/get,可以看到如下页面
创建一个服务消费者
同样的方法创建model eurekaconsumer,创建服务消费者
EurekaconsumerApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | package com.example.eurekaconsumer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class EurekaconsumerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaconsumerApplication. class , args); } } |
ConsumerController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | package com.example.eurekaconsumer; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "consumer" ) public class ConsumerController { //资源路径 private final String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8001/provider/get" ; @RequestMapping ( "get" ) public String get(){ RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate(); String data = template.getForObject(url, String. class ); return data; } } |
application.yml
1 2 | server: port: 9001 |
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>eurekaconsumer</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>eurekaconsumer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
启动项目后,访问 http://localhost:9001/consumer/get
创建一个Zuul网关
Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user转发到到user服务,/api/shop转发到到shop服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
类似创建consumer和provider创建一个Zuul
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>zuul</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>zuul</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 0 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version> 2.22 . 1 </version> <configuration> <skipTests> true </skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version> 3.1 . 0 </version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https: //repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled> false </enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>repository.springframework.maven.release</id> <name>Spring Framework Maven Release Repository</name> <url>http: //maven.springframework.org/milestone/</url> </repository> <repository> <id>org.springframework</id> <url> http: //maven.springframework.org/snapshot</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring Maven MILESTONE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring Maven RELEASE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </repository> </repositories> </project> |
这里需要更新之前全部项目的springcloud和springboot版本
1 2 3 4 5 6 | <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> |
1 2 3 4 | <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> |
ZuulDemo.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | package com.example.zuul; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication (exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration. class , HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration. class }) @EnableEurekaClient @EnableZuulProxy public class ZuulDemo{ public static void main(String[] args){ SpringApplication.run(ZuulDemo. class ); } } |
application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | server: port: 9527 spring: application: name: ZUUL-SERVER #Zuul网关在Eureka的服务名称,随便取 eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka #Eureka的注册地址 zuul: routes: provider.serviceId: TEST-PROVIDER #没有提示,自己取名称,值为服务的名称 |
启动后如下:
启动网关,通过网关访问服务提供
规则:localhost名:9527/网关服务名称(小写)/服务提供者名称(小写)/服务路径
例:http://127.0.0.1:9527/zuul-server/spring-cloud-order-service-provider/provider/get
可以在application.yml配置访问路径
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | server: port: 9527 spring: application: name: ZUUL-SERVER eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka zuul: routes: traditional-url: path: /test/** url: http: //localhost:8001/f |
访问地址如下:http://desktop-f8m87f4.china.huawei.com:9527/test/provider/get
Fegin的内部调用
Feign是一个声明式的web service客户端,他让微服务之间的调用变得更简单,类似Controller调用Service,可在服务之间进行调用,简化调用流程。
我们要在一个服务提供者中使用另一个服务提供者的服务,需要使用fegin进行内部服务的调用
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>feign</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>feign</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https: //repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled> false </enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>repository.springframework.maven.release</id> <name>Spring Framework Maven Release Repository</name> <url>http: //maven.springframework.org/milestone/</url> </repository> <repository> <id>org.springframework</id> <url> http: //maven.springframework.org/snapshot</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring Maven MILESTONE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring Maven RELEASE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </repository> </repositories> </project> |
接口DataClient.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | package com.example.feign; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @FeignClient (value = "spring-cloud-order-service-provider" ) @RequestMapping ( "provider" ) public interface DataClient { //和调用服务controller的一致 @RequestMapping ( "get" ) public String getData(); } |
DataFeignController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | package com.example.feign; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "consumer" ) public class DataFeignController { @Autowired private DataClient dataClient; @RequestMapping ( "feignGet" ) public String get(){ return dataClient.getData(); } } |
FeignApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | package com.example.feign; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class FeignApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication. class , args); } } |
application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | server: port: 9002 spring: application: name: FEIDEMO eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka |
访问http://localhost:7001/
访问http://desktop-f8m87f4.china.huawei.com:9002/consumer/feignGet
负载均衡ribbon
ribbon主要是做负载均衡,要做负载均衡就要有多个服务提供者,在消费者调用时进行负载均衡。
创建第二个服务提供者
复制第一个eurekaprovider
配置依赖和原来提供者一致(拷贝server-provider依赖,controller,配置文件)
唯一修改(配置文件application.yml中的端口更改,其他不要改)
application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | server: port: 8002 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-order-service-provider eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka ribbon: eureka: enabled: true |
区分一下ProviderController.java
ProviderController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | package com.example.eurekaclient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "provider" ) public class ProviderController { @RequestMapping ( "get" ) public String getData(){ return "提供了数据2222" ; } } |
然后创建一个消费者进行负载均衡调用
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF- 8 </project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8 </project.reporting.outputEncoding> <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF- 8 </maven.compiler.encoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version> 3.1 . 0 </version> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
启动类RibbonApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | package com.example.ribbon; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class RibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication. class ); } @Bean @LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡的功能 public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } } |
ConsumerRibbonController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | package com.example.ribbon; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "consumer" ) public class ConsumerRibbonController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; private final String URL = "http://spring-cloud-order-service-provider/provider/get" ; @GetMapping ( "get" ) public String get() { String data = restTemplate.getForObject(URL, String. class ); return data; } } |
配置文件application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | server: port: 9003 eureka: client: registerWithEureka: false #不注册到Eureka,不在注册中心显示 service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka |
测试(轮询策略):
熔断器(hystrix)
在微服务架构中,微服务之间通过网络进行通信,存在相互依赖,当其中一个服务不可用时,有可能会造成雪崩效应。要防止这样的情况,必须要有容错机制来保护服务。
Hystrix是Netflix开源的一个延迟和容错库,它主要实现了以下几点:
- 包裹请求
使用HystrixCommand(或HystrixObservableCommand)包裹对依赖的调用逻辑,每个命令在独立线程中执行。
- 跳闸机制
当某服务的错误率超过一定阈值时,Hystrix可以自动或手动跳闸,停止请求该服务一段时间。
- 资源隔离
Hystrix为每个依赖都维护了一个小型的线程池(或信号量),如果该线程池已满,发往该依赖的请求就被立即拒绝。
- 监控
Hystrix可以近乎实时地监控运行指标和配置的变化。
- 回退机制
当请求失败、超时、被拒绝,或者当断路器打开时,执行回退逻辑。
- 自我修复
当断路器打开一段时间后,会自动进入“半打开”状态,允许一个请求访问依赖的服务,如果该请求成功,则关闭断路器,否则继续保持打开状态。
创建一个服务器提供者(hystrix),模拟业务服务
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>hystrix</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>hystrix</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> |
application.yml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | server: port: 8004 spring: application: name: TEST-HYSTRIX-PROVIDER #服务名称 eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka #注册到Eureka的地址 |
HystrixApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | package com.example.hystrix; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class HystrixApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HystrixApplication. class ); } } |
HystrixProviderController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | package com.example.hystrix; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "provider" ) public class HystrixProviderController { @GetMapping ( "get/{num}" ) public String get( @PathVariable ( "num" ) Integer num) { if (num == 123 ) { throw new RuntimeException( "FAILED" ); } return num + "==SUCCEED" ; } } |
启动项目后访问http://localhost:8004/provider/get/111
访问http://localhost:8004/provider/get/123
创建一个基于fegin的消费者
pom.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>hystrix-feign</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <name>hystrix-feign</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version> 2.0 . 3 .RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https: //repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled> false </enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>repository.springframework.maven.release</id> <name>Spring Framework Maven Release Repository</name> <url>http: //maven.springframework.org/milestone/</url> </repository> <repository> <id>org.springframework</id> <url> http: //maven.springframework.org/snapshot</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring Maven MILESTONE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring Maven RELEASE Repository</name> <url>http: //repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </repository> </repositories> </project> |
application.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | server: port: 9004 eureka: client: registerWithEureka: false #不注册到Eureka,不在注册中心显示 service-url: defaultZone: http: //127.0.0.1:7001/eureka feign: hystrix: enabled: true #开启熔断支持 |
HystrixConsumerController.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | package com.example.hystrixfeign; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "consumer" ) public class HystrixConsumerController { @Autowired private ProviderClient providerClient; @GetMapping ( "get/{num}" ) public String get( @PathVariable ( "num" ) String num) { String data = providerClient.get(num); return data; } } |
HystrixFeignApplication.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | package com.example.hystrixfeign; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class HystrixFeignApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HystrixFeignApplication. class , args); } } |
接口ProviderClient.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | package com.example.hystrixfeign; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @FeignClient (value = "TEST-HYSTRIX-PROVIDER" , fallbackFactory = ProviderClientFactory. class ) @RequestMapping ( "provider" ) public interface ProviderClient { @GetMapping ( "get/{num}" ) public String get( @PathVariable ( "num" ) String num); } |
ProviderClientFactory.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | package com.example.hystrixfeign; import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class ProviderClientFactory implements FallbackFactory<ProviderClient> { @Override public ProviderClient create(Throwable throwable) { return new ProviderClient() { @Override public String get(String num) { return "Feign调用失败" ; } }; } } |
访问http://localhost:9004/consumer/get/123
访问http://localhost:9004/consumer/get/111
【推荐】国内首个AI IDE,深度理解中文开发场景,立即下载体验Trae
【推荐】编程新体验,更懂你的AI,立即体验豆包MarsCode编程助手
【推荐】抖音旗下AI助手豆包,你的智能百科全书,全免费不限次数
【推荐】轻量又高性能的 SSH 工具 IShell:AI 加持,快人一步
· AI与.NET技术实操系列(二):开始使用ML.NET
· 记一次.NET内存居高不下排查解决与启示
· 探究高空视频全景AR技术的实现原理
· 理解Rust引用及其生命周期标识(上)
· 浏览器原生「磁吸」效果!Anchor Positioning 锚点定位神器解析
· 全程不用写代码,我用AI程序员写了一个飞机大战
· DeepSeek 开源周回顾「GitHub 热点速览」
· 记一次.NET内存居高不下排查解决与启示
· MongoDB 8.0这个新功能碉堡了,比商业数据库还牛
· .NET10 - 预览版1新功能体验(一)