Mavan生命周期

Maven构建生命周期

Maven构建生命周期定义了一个项目构建跟发布的过程。

一个典型的Maven构建（build）生命周期是由以下几个阶段的序列组成的：

阶段	处理	描述
验证 validate	验证项目	验证项目是否正确且所有必须信息是可用的
编译 compile	执行编译	源代码编译在此阶段完成
测试 Test	测试	使用适当的单元测试框架（例如JUnit）运行测试。
包装 package	打包	创建JAR/WAR包如在 pom.xml 中定义提及的包
检查 verify	检查	对集成测试的结果进行检查，以保证质量达标
安装 install	安装	安装打包的项目到本地仓库，以供其他项目使用
部署 deploy	部署	拷贝最终的工程包到远程仓库中，以共享给其他开发人员和工程

这些阶段将按顺序进行执行。

MAVEN有以下三个标准的生命周期：

Clean:项目清理的处理

Default(或build):项目部署的处理

Site：项目站点文档创建的处理

一.Clean生命周期

当我们执行mvn post-clean命令时，Maven调用clean生命周期，它包含以下阶段：

pre-clean：执行一个需要在clean之前完成的工作
Clean：移除所有上一次构建生成的文件。
Post-clean:执行一些需要在clean之后立刻完成的工作。

Mvn clean中的clean就是上面的clean，在一个生命周期中，运行某个阶段的时候，他之前的阶段都会被运行，也就是说，执行mvn clean将运行以下两个生命周期阶段pre-clean ,clean。

我们将maven-antrun-plugin:run目标添加到 pre-clean、clean 和 post-clean 阶段中。这样我们可以在 clean 生命周期的各个阶段显示文本信息。

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zk.mymaven_001</groupId>
    <artifactId>mymaven_001</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mymaven_001</name>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                    <id>id.pre-clean</id>
                    <phase>pre-clean</phase>
                    <goals>
                    <goal>run</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                        <echo>pre-clean phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                    </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                    <id>id.clean</id>
                    <phase>clean</phase>
                    <goals>
                    <goal>run</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                        <echo>clean phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                    </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                    <id>id.post-clean</id>
                    <phase>post-clean</phase>
                    <goals>
                    <goal>run</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                        <echo>post-clean phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                    </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

　运行后结果如下：

二.Default(Build)生命周期

这是Maven的主要生命周期，被用于构建应用，包括以下23个阶段：

生命周期阶段	描述
validate（校验）	校验项目是否正确并且所有必要的信息可以完成项目的构建过程。
initialize（初始化）	初始化构建状态，比如设置属性值。
generate-sources（生成源代码）	生成包含在编译阶段中的任何源代码。
process-sources（处理源代码）	处理源代码，比如说，过滤任意值。
generate-resources（生成资源文件）	生成将会包含在项目包中的资源文件。
process-resources （处理资源文件）	复制和处理资源到目标目录，为打包阶段最好准备。
compile（编译）	编译项目的源代码。
process-classes（处理类文件）	处理编译生成的文件，比如说对Java class文件做字节码改善优化。
generate-test-sources（生成测试源代码）	生成包含在编译阶段中的任何测试源代码。
process-test-sources（处理测试源代码）	处理测试源代码，比如说，过滤任意值。
generate-test-resources（生成测试资源文件）	为测试创建资源文件。
process-test-resources（处理测试资源文件）	复制和处理测试资源到目标目录。
test-compile（编译测试源码）	编译测试源代码到测试目标目录。
process-test-classes（处理测试类文件）	处理测试源码编译生成的文件。
test（测试）	使用合适的单元测试框架运行测试（Juint是其中之一）。
prepare-package（准备打包）	在实际打包之前，执行任何的必要的操作为打包做准备。
package（打包）	将编译后的代码打包成可分发格式的文件，比如JAR、WAR或者EAR文件。
pre-integration-test（集成测试前）	在执行集成测试完成后进行必要的动作。比如说，清理集成测试环境。
integration-test（集成测试）	处理和部署项目到可以运行集成测试环境中。
post-integration-test（集成测试后）	在执行集成测试完成后进行必要的动作。比如说，清理集成测试环境。
verify （验证）	运行任意的检查来验证项目包有效且达到质量标准。
install（安装）	安装项目包到本地仓库，这样项目包可以用作其他本地项目的依赖。
deploy（部署）	将最终的项目包复制到远程仓库中与其他开发者和项目共享。

Build生命周期的pom.xml文件如下：

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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zk.mymaven_001</groupId>
    <artifactId>mymaven_001</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mymaven_001</name>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.1</version>
                <executions>
                <execution>
                <id>id.validate</id>
                     <phase>validate</phase>
                     <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                     </goals>
                     <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                           <echo>validate phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                     </configuration>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                <id>id.compile</id>
                     <phase>compile</phase>
                     <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                     </goals>
                     <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                           <echo>compile phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                     </configuration>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                <id>id.test</id>
                     <phase>test</phase>
                     <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                     </goals>
                     <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                           <echo>test phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                     </configuration>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                <id>id.package</id>
                     <phase>package</phase>
                     <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                     </goals>
                     <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                           <echo>package phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                     </configuration>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                <id>id.deploy</id>
                     <phase>deploy</phase>
                     <goals>
                        <goal>run</goal>
                     </goals>
                     <configuration>
                        <tasks>
                           <echo>deploy phase</echo>
                        </tasks>
                     </configuration>
                </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!--This plugin's configuration is used to store Eclipse m2e settings only. It has no influence on the Maven build itself.-->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                            <pluginExecutions>
                                <pluginExecution>
                                    <pluginExecutionFilter>
                                        <groupId>
                                            org.apache.maven.plugins
                                        </groupId>
                                        <artifactId>
                                            maven-antrun-plugin
                                        </artifactId>
                                        <versionRange>
                                            [1.1,)
                                        </versionRange>
                                        <goals>
                                            <goal>run</goal>
                                        </goals>
                                    </pluginExecutionFilter>
                                    <action>
                                        <ignore></ignore>
                                    </action>
                                </pluginExecution>
                            </pluginExecutions>
                        </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

运行结果如下：

三、Site生命周期

Maven Site 插件一般用来创建新的报告文档、部署站点等。

pre-site：执行一些需要在生成站点文档之前完成的工作
site：生成项目的站点文档
post-site：执行一些需要在生成站点文档之后完成的工作，并且为部署做准备
site-deploy：将生成的站点文档部署到特定的服务器上

这里经常用到的是site阶段和site-deploy阶段，用以生成和发布Maven站点。

我们将 maven-antrun-plugin:run 目标添加到 Site 生命周期的所有阶段中。这样我们可以显示生命周期的所有文本信息。

更新的pom.xml文件如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zk.mymaven_001</groupId>
    <artifactId>mymaven_001</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mymaven_001</name>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                 <version>2.7</version>
            </plugin>
 
     
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>id.pre-site</id>
                        <phase>pre-site</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <tasks>
                                <echo>pre-site phase</echo>
                            </tasks>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>id.site</id>
                        <phase>site</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <tasks>
                                <echo>site phase</echo>
                            </tasks>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>id.post-site</id>
                        <phase>post-site</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <tasks>
                                <echo>post-site phase</echo>
                            </tasks>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>id.site-deploy</id>
                        <phase>site-deploy</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <tasks>
                                <echo>site-deploy phase</echo>
                            </tasks>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>