Spring 属性依赖注入

1.1 属性依赖注入

依赖注入方式：手动装配和自动装配

手动装配：一般进行配置信息都采用手动

基于xml装配：构造方法、setter方法

基于注解装配：

自动装配：struts和spring 整合可以自动装配

byType：按类型装配

byName：按名称装配

constructor：构造装配，

auto：不确定装配。

一.构造方法注入

User.java

public class User {
     
    private Integer uid;
    private String username;
    private Integer age;
     
    public User(Integer uid, String username) {
        super();
        this.uid = uid;
        this.username = username;
    }
     
    public User(String username, Integer age) {
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
    }
}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 构造方法注入 
        * <constructor-arg> 用于配置构造方法一个参数argument
            name ：参数的名称
            value：设置普通数据
            ref：引用数据，一般是另一个bean id值
             
            index ：参数的索引号，从0开始 。如果只有索引，匹配到了多个构造方法时，默认使用第一个。
            type ：确定参数类型
        例如：使用名称name
            <constructor-arg name="username" value="jack"></constructor-arg>
            <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
        例如2：【类型type 和  索引 index】
            <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg>
            <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg>
    -->
    <bean id="userId" class="com.itheima.f_xml.a_constructor.User" >
        <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

二.property属性注入

User.java

package com.zk.myspring;
 
public class User {
    private Integer uid;
    private String username;
    private Integer age;
     
    public Integer getUid() {
        return uid;
    }
    public void setUid(Integer uid) {
        this.uid = uid;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [uid=" + uid + ", username=" + username + ", age=" + age
                + "]";
    }
    public User(Integer uid, String username, Integer age) {
        super();
        this.uid = uid;
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public User() {
        super();
    }
 
}

Test.java

package com.zk.myspring;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[]args)
    {
        String path="/com/zk/myspring/ApplicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
         
        User user=(User) ac.getBean("UserId");
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User">
<!-- 
setter方法注入：
普通数据：
<property name="" value="值">
等效
<property name="">
<value>
值
</value>
</property>
引用数据
<property name="" ref="另一个bean">
</property>
等效
<property name="">
<ref bean="" />
</property>
 -->
 
<property name="username" value="jack"></property>
<property name="uid" value="1"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<!-- p命名空间，对setter方法注入进行简化，替换<property name="属性名">，而是在<bean 属性名="普通值"> -->
</bean>
</beans>

ApplicationContext的p命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User" p:uid="1" p:age="24" p:username="zk" p:company-ref="company1"></bean>
<bean id="company1" class="com.zk.myspring.Company" p:name="computer science" p:address="徐州市中国矿业大学计算机科学与技术学院">
</bean>
</beans>

三.集合属性注入

CollData.java

package com.zk.myspringcoll;
 
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
 
public class CollData {
    private String[] arrayData;
    private List<String> listData;
    private Set<String> setData;
    private Map<String,String> mapData;
    private Properties propersData;
    public String[] getArrayData() {
        return arrayData;
    }
    public void setArrayData(String[] arrayData) {
        this.arrayData = arrayData;
    }
    public List<String> getListData() {
        return listData;
    }
    public void setListData(List<String> listData) {
        this.listData = listData;
    }
    public Set<String> getSetData() {
        return setData;
    }
    public void setSetData(Set<String> setData) {
        this.setData = setData;
    }
    public Map<String, String> getMapData() {
        return mapData;
    }
    public void setMapData(Map<String, String> mapData) {
        this.mapData = mapData;
    }
     
    public Properties getPropersData() {
        return propersData;
    }
    public void setPropersData(Properties propersData) {
        this.propersData = propersData;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CollData [arrayData=" + Arrays.toString(arrayData)
                + ", \nlistData=" + listData + ", \nsetData=" + setData
                + ", \nmapData=" + mapData + ", \nproperties=" + propersData + "]";
    }
     
     
}

Test.java

package com.zk.myspringcoll;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TestColl {
    public static void main(String[]args)
    {
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        CollData colldata=(CollData) ac.getBean("CollData");
         
        System.out.println(colldata);
    }
}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
 
<!-- 
集合注入都是给<property>添加子标签
数组：<array>
List:<List>
Set:<set>
Map:<map>
Properties:<props><prop key="">value</prop></props>
 
普通数据:<value>
引用数据：<ref>
 -->
<bean id="CollData" class="com.zk.myspringcoll.CollData">
<property name="arrayData">
<array>
<value>DS</value>
<value>DZD</value>
<value>屌丝</value>
<value>吊中吊</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="listData">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
<value>list3</value>
<value>list4</value>
<value>list5</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="setData">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
<value>set3</value>
<value>set4</value>
<value>set5</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="mapData">
<map>
<entry key="1" value="value1"></entry>
<entry key="2" value="value2"></entry>
<entry key="3" value="value3"></entry>
<entry key="4" value="value4"></entry>
<entry key="5" value="value5"></entry>
<!--
<entry>  
<key><value>6</value></key>
<value>value6</value>
</entry>
-->
</map>
</property>
 
<property name="propersData">
<props>
<prop key="高富帅">嫐</prop>
<prop key="白富美">嬲</prop>
<prop key="屌丝">挊</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

四.自动装配bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 自动装配(用的不多)：  
         byName按名称自动匹配（即要装配的bean中的属性名称和配置中的bean名称相同就会自动装配，如UserService类中的属性和userDAO的bean名称相同就自动装配）  
         byType按类型自动匹配 （即要装配的bean中的属性类型和配置中的bean的类型相同就会自动装配，如UserService类中的属性类型和userDAO的bean类型相同就自动装配）
    -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.zk.myspring.User" autowire="default">
    </bean>
 
</beans>

自动装配-byName

employee.java

package com.zk.company;
 
public class employee {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Double Salary;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Double getSalary() {
        return Salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(Double salary) {
        Salary = salary;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
                + "]";
    }
}

employer.java

package com.zk.company;
 
public class employer {
    private String name;
    private employee e1;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public employee getE1() {
        return e1;
    }
    public void setE1(employee e1) {
        this.e1 = e1;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "老板"+name +  "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
    }
     
     
}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
 
<bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byName">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

MainApp.java

package MainApp;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
import com.zk.company.employer;
 
public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[]args)
    {
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
        System.out.println(er1.toString());
    }
}

运行结果：

自动装配-byType

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
 
<bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byType">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

五.使用注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
</beans>

六.扫描包名+配合注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bjsxt"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

七.内部Bean

employer.java

package com.zk.company;
 
public class employer {
    private String name;
    private employee e1;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public employee getE1() {
        return e1;
    }
    public void setE1(employee e1) {
        this.e1 = e1;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "老板"+name +  "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
    }
     
     
}

employee.java

package com.zk.company;
 
public class employee {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Double Salary;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Double getSalary() {
        return Salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(Double salary) {
        Salary = salary;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
                + "]";
    }
     
     
}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
 
<bean id="employee1" class="com.zk.company.employee">
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer">
<property name="name" value="Boss"></property>
<property name="e1" ref="employee1"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

Main.java

package MainApp;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
import com.zk.company.employer;
 
public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[]args)
    {
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
        System.out.println(er1.toString());
    }
}　