python -- 解决"pip install pandas"时遇到的几个小问题（内含解决pip升级问题）
【本篇小结】
（1）pip升级，如果超时，可以采用镜像源处理。
python -m pip install --upgrade pip -ihttp://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
（2）Install pandas时，如果连接超时，可以通过设置延时加镜像源处理。
pip install pandas --default-timeout=100 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
正文请往下阅读
今天使用pandas进行数据读取，遇到几个小问题，记录一下，备忘~
由于用了部新电脑，需要重新install，所以输入以下命令
>> pip install pandas
结果报错，显示以下错误信息
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement numpy>=1.21.0; python_version >= "3.10" (from pandas) (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for numpy>=1.21.0; python_version >= "3.10" WARNING: You are using pip version 21.3.
看到warning提示，先检查一下当前的pip版本
>> pip show pip
Name: pip Version: 21.3.1
升级pip
>> python -m pip install --upgrade pip Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\pycharmprojects\pythonproject\venv\lib\site-packages (21.3.1) Collecting pip Downloading pip-23.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB) |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 11 kB/s Installing collected packages: pip Attempting uninstall: pip Found existing installation: pip 21.3.1 Uninstalling pip-21.3.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-21.3.1 Successfully installed pip-23.1.2
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隔了几天，又换了部新电脑，这边电脑上面的pip版本比较低
> pip show pip
Name: pip Version: 9.0.1 Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages. Home-page: https://pip.pypa.io/ Author: The pip developers Author-email: python-virtualenv@groups.google.com License: MIT Location: e:\python_workspace\mywriter\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.6.egg Requires: You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 23.1.2 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
升级pip，直接输入“python -m pip install --upgrade pip”
> python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b4 6af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ConnectTimeoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x043D68D0>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeo ut=15)')': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ConnectTimeoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x043D6570>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeo ut=15)')': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ConnectTimeoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x043D6930>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeo ut=15)')': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ConnectTimeoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x043D6910>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeo ut=15)')': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (Caused by ConnectTi meoutError(<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x043D6990>, 'Connection to files.pythonhosted.org timed out. (connect timeout=15)'))
尝试通过延长时间
> python -m pip --default-timeout=800 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', ConnectionAbortedError(10053, '你的主机中的软件中止了一个已建立的连接。', None, 10053, None))': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f5 47439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04FBCAF0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接 方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',)': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04FBCBD0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接 方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',)': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04FBCA90>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接 方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',)': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04FBCC30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接 方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',)': /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (Caused by NewConnec tionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04FBCC50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。',))
最后采用镜像源解决。（参考：https://www.likecs.com/show-203886769.html）
> python -m pip install --upgrade pip -ihttp://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple Collecting pip Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.7MB) |████████████████████████████████| 1.7MB 6.8MB/s Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 19.3.1 Uninstalling pip-19.3.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-19.3.1 Successfully installed pip-21.3.1
-----【番外小插曲-end】-----
再次 install pandas
>> pip install pandas
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pandas (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for pandas
出现Error信息提示，在上网查找了下相关信息，可以通过延长时间，再加上国内镜像源的方法来尝试解决。（参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42571952/article/details/102988289）
>> pip install pandas --default-timeout=100 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Collecting pandas Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/90/30/8b857447b0f4b59d5bd84e934e82ef8c82b73d71d1c9611c8aaaa8d44a50/pandas-2.0.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (10.7 MB) ---------------------------------------- 10.7/10.7 MB 3.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Collecting python-dateutil>=2.8.2 (from pandas) Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/36/7a/87837f39d0296e723bb9b62bbb257d0355c7f6128853c78955f57342a56d/python_dateutil-2.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (247 kB) ---------------------------------------- 247.7/247.7 kB 2.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Collecting pytz>=2020.1 (from pandas) Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/7f/99/ad6bd37e748257dd70d6f85d916cafe79c0b0f5e2e95b11f7fbc82bf3110/pytz-2023.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (502 kB) ---------------------------------------- 502.3/502.3 kB 2.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.1 in c:\users\pycharmprojects\pythonproject\venv\lib\site-packages (from pandas) (2023.3) Collecting numpy>=1.21.0 (from pandas) Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/65/5d/46da284b0bf6cfbf04082c3c5e84399664d69e41c11a33587ad49b0c64e5/numpy-1.24.3-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (14.8 MB) ---------------------------------------- 14.8/14.8 MB 4.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\pycharmprojects\pythonproject\venv\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas) (1.16.0) Installing collected packages: pytz, python-dateutil, numpy, pandas Successfully installed numpy-1.24.3 pandas-2.0.1 python-dateutil-2.8.2 pytz-2023.3
接着我们通过命令查一下已安装pandas的版本
>> pip show pandas Name: pandas Version: 2.0.1
可见已经安装成功。
下面进行一个简单的读取操作，python代码如下：（备注：文件c_student.csv里的测试数据带有中文。）
import pandas as pd data = pd.read_csv('e:/python_data_space/c_student.csv') print(data)
提示错误信息：
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 20: invalid continuation byte
修改下代码，补充encoding设置
import pandas as pd data = pd.read_csv('e:/python_data_space/c_student.csv', encoding='gbk') print(data)
查看结果
id name score 0 1 小明 78.0 1 2 小红 87.0 2 3 小兰 99.0 3 4 小白 99.0 Process finished with exit code 0
此篇到此结束~
