SpringBoot——测试

SpringBoot测试

源码在test-springboot

测试无非就是设定预期值与真实值比较，相同则测试通过，不同则测试失败

Ctrl+鼠标左键看源码，再按ctrl：f12查看方法

0、环境

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.lmcode</groupId>
    <artifactId>lmcode</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

package com.lmcode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/** 可以通过args传入一些属性进行临时配置 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestSpringbootApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestSpringbootApplication.class, args);
    }
}

test.prop=testValue
server.port=9090

1、当前测试类专用属性

在小范围测试环境（例如当前测试类）有效，比多环境开发中的测试环境影响范围更小；

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;


/**
 * 只在当前测试类中有效，加一个临时属性：properties
 * */
@SpringBootTest(properties = {"test.prop=testValue---properties"})
public class demo1_PropertiesTests {

    @Value("${test.prop}")
    private String msg;

    @Test
    public void testProperties(){
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;


/**
 * 只在当前测试类中有效，加一个临时属性：args
 * 优先级币properties高
 * 相对于在idea工具中写参数的好处是配置一直存在，不会因为换平台而消失
 * */
@SpringBootTest(properties = {"test.prop=testValue---properties"},
                args = {"--test.prop=testValue---args"})
public class demo2_ArgsTests {

    @Value("${test.prop}")
    private String msg;

    @Test
    void testArgs(){
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

2、当前测试类专用配置

使用@Import加载当前测试类专用配置

package com.lmcode.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MsgConfig {

    @Bean
    public String msg(){
        return "bean---msg";
    }
}

package com.lmcode;

import com.lmcode.config.MsgConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

/**
 * 局部的配置导入，仅在当前测试类生效
 * 临时加载bean，服务于测试【不能下载源码(main)中】
 * */
@SpringBootTest
@Import({MsgConfig.class})
public class demo3_ConfigurationTests {

    @Autowired
    private String msg;

    @Test
    void testConfiguration(){
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

3、模拟Web环境测试表现层

可以匹配Status、Error message、Headers、Content type、Body、Forwarded URL、Redirected URL、Cookies等都可以匹配

package com.lmcode.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @GetMapping
    public String getById(){
        System.out.println("getById run success");
        return "success";
    }
}

3.1 测试类中启动web环境，发送虚拟请求并匹配响应执行状态

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;


/**
 * 属性是枚举类，其中RANDOM_PORT是随机端口
 * 可以通过把请求地址故意写错看预计不通过的控制台输出
 * */
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
// 开启虚拟调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class demo4_WebTest {

    @Test
    void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        mockMvc.perform(builder);
    }

    @Test
    void testStatus(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(ok);
    }
}

3.2 匹配响应体

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;


/**
 * 属性是枚举类，其中RANDOM_PORT是随机端口
 * 可以通过把请求地址故意写错看预计不通过的控制台输出
 * */
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
// 开启虚拟调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class demo4_WebTest {

    @Test
    void testBody(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result = content.string("success");
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(result);
    }
}

3.3 匹配响应体(json)

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

package com.lmcode.domain;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Book {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String type;
    private String description;
}

package com.lmcode.controller;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @GetMapping
    public String getById(){
        System.out.println("getById run success");
        return "success";
    }

    @GetMapping("/getAll")
    public Book getAll(){
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setId(1);
        book.setName("SpringBoot");
        book.setType("technology");
        book.setDescription("I'm No.1");
        System.out.println("getAll run success");
        return book;
    }
}

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;


/**
 * 属性是枚举类，其中RANDOM_PORT是随机端口
 * 可以通过把请求地址故意写错看预计不通过的控制台输出
 * */
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
// 开启虚拟调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class demo4_WebTest {

    @Test
    void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        mockMvc.perform(builder);
    }

    @Test
    void testStatus(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(ok);
    }

    @Test
    void testBody(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books/getAll");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\n" +
                "    \"id\": 1,\n" +
                "    \"name\": \"SpringBoot\",\n" +
                "    \"type\": \"technology\",\n" +
                "    \"description\": \"I'm No.1\"\n" +
                "}");
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(result);
    }
}

3.4 匹配响应头

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;


/**
 * 属性是枚举类，其中RANDOM_PORT是随机端口
 * 可以通过把请求地址故意写错看预计不通过的控制台输出
 * */
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
// 开启虚拟调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class demo4_WebTest {

    @Test
    void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        mockMvc.perform(builder);
    }

    @Test
    void testStatus(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(ok);
    }

    @Test
    void testBody(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books/getAll");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\n" +
                "    \"id\": 1,\n" +
                "    \"name\": \"SpringBoot\",\n" +
                "    \"type\": \"technology\",\n" +
                "    \"description\": \"I'm No.1\"\n" +
                "}");
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(result);
    }

    @Test
    void testContentType(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books/getAll");
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        // 设定预期值
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher result = header.string("Content-Type","application/json");
        // 对比真实值，添加预计值到本次调用过程进行匹配 并 断言
        action.andExpect(result);
    }
}

3.5 测试多匹配【规范】

package com.lmcode;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;


@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class demo5_WebTestFinal {

    @Test
    void getAll(@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc) throws Exception {
        // 模拟虚拟的http请求 并 执行
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/books/getAll");
        // 设定预期值
        ResultActions action = mockMvc.perform(builder);

        // status
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        action.andExpect(ok);

        // body
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\n" +
                "    \"id\": 90901,\n" +
                "    \"name\": \"SpringBoot\",\n" +
                "    \"type\": \"technology\",\n" +
                "    \"description\": \"I'm No.1\"\n" +
                "}");
        action.andExpect(result);

        // contentType
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type","application/json");
        action.andExpect(contentType);
    }

}

4、业务层测试事物回滚

为测试用例添加事物，SpringBoot会对测试用例对应的事物提交操作进行回滚

如皋要提交事物，可以通过@Rollback配置

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

spring:
  datasource:
    druid:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mini_springmvc?serverTimezone=UTC
      username: root
      password: 1234
mybatis-plus:
  global-config:
    db-config:
      table-prefix: tb_
      id_type: auto
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

package com.lmcode.domain;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String type;
    private String description;
}

package com.lmcode.controller;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import com.lmcode.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @GetMapping
    public String getById(){
        System.out.println("getById run success");
        return "success";
    }

    @GetMapping("/getAll")
    public Book getAll(){
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setId(90901);
        book.setName("SpringBoot");
        book.setType("technology");
        book.setDescription("I'm No.1");
        System.out.println("getAll run success");
        return book;
    }

    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    @PostMapping("/save")
    public Boolean save(@RequestBody Book book){
        return bookService.save(book);
    }
}

package com.lmcode.service;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;

public interface BookService {
    boolean save(Book book);
}

package com.lmcode.service.impl;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import com.lmcode.mapper.BookMapper;
import com.lmcode.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    @Autowired
    private BookMapper bookMapper;
    @Override
    public boolean save(Book book) {
        return bookMapper.insert(book) > 0;
    }
}

package com.lmcode.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

@Mapper
public interface BookMapper extends BaseMapper<Book> {
}

package com.lmcode;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import com.lmcode.service.BookService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;


/** spring会自动识别，在测试类加事物自动回滚*/
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)
//@Rollback(value = true)
public class demo6_ServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @Test
    void testSave(){
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setName("傲慢与偏见");
        book.setType("文学类");
        book.setDescription("你要放下你的偏见");
        bookService.save(book);
    }
}

5、测试用例设置随机数据

测试用例数据通常采用随机值进行测试，可以通过配置使用SpringBoot提供的随机数为其赋值

spring:
  datasource:
    druid:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mini_springmvc?serverTimezone=UTC
      username: root
      password: 1234
mybatis-plus:
  global-config:
    db-config:
      table-prefix: tb_
      id_type: auto
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

# int,value(String),uuid(String),long(long,可以存时间)
testcase:
  book:
    id: ${random.int(90900,10000)}
    name: ${random.value}
    type: ${random.value}
    description: 描述${random.value}

package com.lmcode.domain;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Component
// 未配置Spring Boot 配置注解处理器
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "testcase.book")
public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String type;
    private String description;
}

package com.lmcode;

import com.lmcode.domain.Book;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class demo7_UseTestCase {
    @Autowired
    private Book book;
    @Test
    void testCase(){
        System.out.println(book);
        /* md5加密字符串,32位
         Book(id=-552308655,
         name=ab6939419e9dbcb95d679d185d9595ea,
         type=70d0625bf03e57a3e8b7e312b0ac865c,
         description=描述be4dee034654bd1ecaab738073459fa2)
         */

    }
}

<!--配置Spring Boot 配置注解处理器-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

posted @ 2024-04-09 10:21 燕子去了阅读(12) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

lm02

SpringBoot——测试

SpringBoot测试

0、环境

1、当前测试类专用属性

2、当前测试类专用配置

3、模拟Web环境测试表现层

3.1 测试类中启动web环境，发送虚拟请求并匹配响应执行状态

3.2 匹配响应体

3.3 匹配响应体(json)

3.4 匹配响应头

3.5 测试多匹配【规范】

4、业务层测试事物回滚

5、测试用例设置随机数据

公告

lm02

SpringBoot——测试

SpringBoot测试

0、环境

1、当前测试类专用属性

2、 当前测试类专用配置

3、模拟Web环境测试表现层

3.1 测试类中启动web环境，发送虚拟请求并匹配响应执行状态

3.2 匹配响应体

3.3 匹配响应体(json)

3.4 匹配响应头

3.5 测试多匹配【规范】

4、业务层测试事物回滚

5、测试用例设置随机数据

公告

2、当前测试类专用配置