Rabbit MQ的几种模式

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。

官网文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

 

Rabbit MQ有几种工作方式：

简单模式：一个生产者，一个消费者

work模式：一个生产者，多个消费者，每个消费者获取到的消息唯一，平均消费。

订阅模式：一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取。

路由模式：发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key

topic模式：将路由键和某模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上，“#”匹配一个词或多个词，“*”只匹配一个词。

rpc模式：客户端向一个队列中发送消息，并注册一个回调的队列用于接收服务端返回的消息，该消息需要声明一个叫做correaltionId的属性，

该属性将是该次请求的唯一标识。服务端在接受到消息（在需要时可以验证correaltionId）后，处理消息，并将消息发送到客户端注册的回调队列中。

 

1、简单模式

配置：

public final static String SIMPLE_QUEUE = "simpleQueue";
@Bean
public Queue simpleQueue() {
    return new Queue(SIMPLE_QUEUE, true);
}


生产者：

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.SIMPLE_QUEUE, msg);

消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.SIMPLE_QUEUE)
public void simpleListen(String msg) {
    System.out.println("simple队列 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

 

2、work模式

一个生产者，多个消费者，每个消费者获取到的消息唯一。一条消息只能被其中一个消费掉，相互争夺资源。

配置：

public final static String WORK_QUEUE = "workQueue";
@Bean
public Queue workQueue() {
    return new Queue(WORK_QUEUE, true);
}

生产者：

public void sendWorkQueueMq(String msg) {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE, msg);
    logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
}

消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE)
    public void workListen1(String msg) {
    System.out.println("work模式1 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE)
    public void workListen2(String msg) {
    System.out.println("work模式2 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

 

3、发布/订阅模式

一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取

配置：

public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE = "fanout_queue_one";
public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO = "fanout_queue_two";
public final static String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
// fanout 广播者模式队列
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueOne() {
    return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}

@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() {
    return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}

// fanout 交换器
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
    return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
}

// 广播模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

@Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange());
}


生产者：

public void sendFanoutExchangeMq(String msg) {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", msg);
    logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
}

消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE)
public void fanoutListen1(String msg) {
    System.out.println("fanout模式1 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO)
public void fanoutListen2(String msg) {
    System.out.println("fanout模式2 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

 

4、路由模式

发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key。那么消息只会发送到相应key相同的队列，接着监听该队列的消费者消费消息。

配置：

public final static String DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE = "direct_queue_one";
public final static String DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO = "direct_queue_two";
public final static String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange";
// direct 路由模式队列
@Bean
public Queue directQueueOne() {
    return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}

@Bean
public Queue directQueueTwo() {
    return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}

// direct 交换器
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
    return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);
}

//路由模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding directExchangeBingingOne() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueOne()).to(directExchange()).with("orange");
}

@Bean
public Binding directExchangeBingingTwo() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueTwo()).to(directExchange()).with("black");
}

生产者：

public void sendDirectExchangeMq(String routingKey, String msg) {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"orange" , msg);
    logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
}

消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE)
public void directListenOne(String msg) {
    System.out.println("direct模式1 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO)
public void directListenTwo(String msg) {
    System.out.println("direct模式2 接收到消息：" + msg);
}
如上代码，只有routingKey 为orange的能收到消息

 

 5、topic模式

将路由键和某模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上，“#”匹配一个词或多个词，“*”只匹配一个词。

配置：

public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE = "topic_queue_one";
public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "topic_queue_two";
public final static String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange";

public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE = "common.key";
public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO = "*.key";
// topic 订阅者模式队列
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueOne() {
    return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}

@Bean
public Queue topicQueueTwo() {
    return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}

// topic 交换器
@Bean
public TopicExchange topExchange() {
    return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
}

// 订阅者模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding topicExchangeBingingOne() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE);
}

@Bean
public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO);
}

生产者：

public void sendTopicExchangeMq(String routingKey, String msg) {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "common.key", msg);
 logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
}
消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE)
public void topicListenOne(String msg) {
    System.out.println("topic模式1 接收到消息：" + msg);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO)
public void topicListenTwo(String msg) {
    System.out.println("topic模式2 接收到消息：" + msg);
}
根据routingKey匹配对应的才能收到消息

 

6、rpc模式

客户端向一个队列中发送消息，并注册一个回调的队列用于接收服务端返回的消息，该消息需要声明一个叫做correaltionId的属性，

该属性将是该次请求的唯一标识。服务端在接受到消息（在需要时可以验证correaltionId）后，处理消息，并将消息发送到客户端注册的回调队列中。

配置：

public final static String RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE = "rpcSimpleQueue_one";
public final static String RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO = "rpcSimpleQueue_two";
// rpc简单模式队列
@Bean
public Queue rpcSimpleQueueOne() {
    return new Queue(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}

@Bean
public Queue rpcSimpleQueueTwo() {
    return new Queue(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}

@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
private String host;

@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;

@Autowired
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

@Bean(name = "connectionFactory")
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
    CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
    connectionFactory.setAddresses(host);
    connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
    connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
    connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
    return connectionFactory;
}

public RabbitTemplate getRabbitTemplate() {
    rabbitTemplate.setReplyAddress(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
    rabbitTemplate.setReplyTimeout(2000);
    return rabbitTemplate;
}

@Bean(name = "replyMessageListenerContainer")
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer createReplyListenerContainer() {
    SimpleMessageListenerContainer listenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
    listenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
    listenerContainer.setQueueNames(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
    listenerContainer.setMessageListener(getRabbitTemplate());
    return listenerContainer;
}

生产者：

public Message sendRpcSimpleQueueMq(Message msg) {
    rabbitTemplate.setReplyAddress(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
    rabbitTemplate.setReplyTimeout(2000);
    Message message = rabbitTemplate.sendAndReceive(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE, msg);
    logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
    return message;
}
消费者：

@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE)
public void rpcSimpleListenOne(Message msg) {
    System.out.println("rpc simple 1队列 接收到消息：" + msg);
    rabbitTemplate.send(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO, con("回复消息：" + new String(msg.getBody()), msg.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationId()));
}


public Message con(String s, String id) {
    MessageProperties mp = new MessageProperties();
    byte[] src = s.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
    mp.setCorrelationId(id);
    mp.setContentType("application/json");
    mp.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
    mp.setContentLength((long) s.length());
    return new Message(src, mp);
}

 

、问题处理