Spring Boot实现发送邮件
注意:这篇博客是自己学完发送邮箱之后的一个小总结,不适合新手拿来学习用!
分为三步:
1.邮箱的设置:在你使用的邮箱内启用客户端SMTP服务
2.Spring Email:导入jar包;邮箱参数配置;使用JavaMailSender发送邮件
3.模板引擎:使用Thymeleaf发送HTML邮件
1.首先发送邮件需要一个代理发送邮件的邮箱,启用SMTP服务:
改图是使用的新浪邮箱:
2.在pom.xml中导入jar包(spring-boot-starter-mail):
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
在项目的配置文件中配置代理发送邮件的邮箱属性:
1 spring.mail.host=smtp.sina.com 2 spring.mail.port=465 3 spring.mail.username=#这里填邮箱地址 4 spring.mail.password=#这里填邮箱的授权码5 spring.mail.protocol=smtps 6 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true
然后使用JavaMailSender发送邮件:
1 import org.slf4j.Logger; 2 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; 5 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; 6 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 8 9 import javax.mail.MessagingException; 10 import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; 11 12 @Component 13 public class MailClient { 14 15 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailClient.class); 16 17 @Autowired 18 private JavaMailSender mailSender; 19 20 @Value("${spring.mail.username}") 21 private String from; 22 23 public void sendMail(String to,String subject,String content){ 24 try { 25 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); 26 MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message); 27 helper.setFrom(from); 28 helper.setTo(to); 29 helper.setSubject(subject); 30 helper.setText(content,true); 31 mailSender.send(helper.getMimeMessage()); 32 } catch (MessagingException e) { 33 logger.error("发送邮箱失败:"+e.getMessage()); 34 } 35 36 } 37 }
这里看JavaMailSender源码就可以发现这个JavaMailSender只做两件事情
创建MimeMessage还有发送邮件,如下代码:
1 public interface JavaMailSender extends MailSender { 2 MimeMessage createMimeMessage(); 3 4 MimeMessage createMimeMessage(InputStream var1) throws MailException; 5 6 void send(MimeMessage var1) throws MailException; 7 8 void send(MimeMessage... var1) throws MailException; 9 10 void send(MimeMessagePreparator var1) throws MailException; 11 12 void send(MimeMessagePreparator... var1) throws MailException; 13 }
使用JavaMailSender创建MimeMessage之后可以使用一个名为MimeMessageHelper的类来set参数,然后用JavaMailSender执行发送方法.
1 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); 2 MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message); 3 helper.setFrom(from); 4 helper.setTo(to); 5 helper.setSubject(subject); 6 helper.setText(content,true); 7 mailSender.send(helper.getMimeMessage());
3.使用Thymeleaf模板引擎发送HTML格式的邮件
在templates下创建一个html:
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>邮箱示例</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <p>欢迎你,<span style="color: red" th:text="${username}"></span>!</p> 9 </body> 10 </html>
在测试类中测试:
1 import com.nowcoder.community.util.MailClient; 2 import org.junit.Test; 3 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 5 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; 6 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 7 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; 8 import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine; 9 import org.thymeleaf.context.Context; 10 11 12 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 13 @SpringBootTest 14 @ContextConfiguration(classes = CommunityApplication.class) 15 public class MailTests { 16 17 @Autowired 18 private MailClient mailClient; 19 20 @Autowired 21 private TemplateEngine templateEngine; 22 23 @Test 24 public void testHtmlMail(){ 25 Context context = new Context(); 26 context.setVariable("username","sunday"); 27 28 String content = templateEngine.process("/mail/demo",context); 29 System.out.println(content); 30 31 mailClient.sendMail("目标邮箱","邮件标题","邮件内容"); 32 } 33 }
测试之后邮箱就会发送给目标邮箱!
