python 面向对象

面向对象学习：代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
class Employee:
    empCount=0
    __secret_Phone=0   ##私有成员变量,不能在外部类的外部访问
    public_Phone=0   ##公有成员变量
    
    def __init__(self,name,salary):##四个下划线,类似构造函数
        self.name=name
        self.salary=salary
        Employee.empCount+=1
        print("secret phone:%d"%Employee.__secret_Phone)##访问私有成员变量        
    def display(self):
        print("Total employee: %d" % Employee.empCount)##%前面没有,与C不同
    def inFunc(self):
        print(self)##地址
        print(self.__class__)##类名

    def diplayEmployee(self):
        print("Name:",self.name,",Salary:",self.salary)
    def EmployeeMethod(self):
        print("Employee method!")
    def __add__(self,other):##运算符重载,双下划线为特殊方法
        return Employee(self.name+other.name,self.salary+other.salary)

    def __del__(self):##析构函数
        class_name=self.__class__.__name__
        print(class_name,"销毁")


emp1=Employee("wj",1000)##实例化
emp2=Employee("lj",1000)##实例化
emp1.inFunc()##调用内部函数
emp3=emp1+emp2 ##重载运算符
print("emp3 __add__:",emp3.diplayEmployee())
print("public phone:%d"%emp1.public_Phone)
emp1.diplayEmployee()##调用成员函数
emp1.display()
emp1.age=8 ##添加新成员
emp1.age=9 ##修改新成员
print(emp1.age)
del emp1.age ##删除成员
print("hasattr:",hasattr(emp1,'age'))##检查是否存在age
print("getattr",getattr(emp1,'name'))##返回name值
print("setattr",setattr(emp1,'name',"lj"))##设置name为"lj"
##内置函数
print("Employee.__doc__:",Employee.__name__)

del emp1    ##删除类的实例

class Manager(Employee):##继承，多个类(A,B)
    workers=30
    def __init__(self):
        Manager.workers=10
    def display(self):
        print("Total workers:%d" % Manager.workers)
    def ManagerMethod(self):
        print("Manager method!")

M1=Manager()#
M1.EmployeeMethod()##调用子类方法
M1.display()##调用父类方法重写方法
M1.workers=40##访问成员变量

执行结果:

===================== RESTART: D:\python3.7\20180425.py =====================
secret phone:0
secret phone:0
<__main__.Employee object at 0x000002114D915A58>
<class '__main__.Employee'>
secret phone:0
Name: wjlj ,Salary: 2000
emp3 __add__: None
public phone:0
Name: wj ,Salary: 1000
Total employee: 3
9
hasattr: False
getattr wj
setattr None
Employee.__doc__: Employee
Employee 销毁
Employee method!
Total workers:10