2020系统综合实践 第二次实践作业

一.实现一个自定义的web容器服务

要求标明镜像作者信息，安装必要的工具以方便维护；设定你自己的web存放目录，安全起见，请将默认的监听端口80更改为你自定义的端口，并且声明暴露的端口，容器启动时，能直接进入web代码的存放目录。

（1）从 docker hub拉取nginx作为基础镜像

sudo docker pull nginx

(2)创建一个容器并运行

执行pwd命令，可以查看工作目录在根目录下

sudo docker run -it nginx /bin/bash
pwd

（3）复制运行中nginx容器的配置文件，为后续修改监听端口备用

sudo docker cp <容器ID>:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf .

也可以设置第二个参数指定复制到宿主机的目录

sudo docker cp <容器ID>:路径/文件 本地路径

可以看到宿主机根目录下已经出现了default.conf文件

使用 vim default.conf 指令来修改监听端口，默认的工作目录，和访问的界网页页面

（4）编写dockerfile文件

（5）build dockerfile

sudo docker build -f dockerfile -t mynginx:test .

注意 测试页面，配置文件要和 dockerfile文件放到同一目录下，出现success则表示build成功

（6）创建容器并映射主机端口

sudo docker run -p 8000:2020 -d mynginx:test /bin/bash

查看容器端口的映射

（7）打开浏览器访问：localhost:8000

二.实现一个自定义的数据库容器服务

要求标明镜像作者信息，为了方便维护，需要能够查看容器内的配置信息，包括但不限于网络、应用配置文件等。在环境变量中设置好数据库的root密码且不允许空密码登录，创建一个测试数据库，指定用户名和密码。

（1）创建并mysql文件夹

mkdir ~/mysql
cd ~/mysql

（2）使用vim指令编辑dockerfile文件

vim dockerfile

FROM mysql:5.7

#设置免密登录
ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes

#将所需文件放到容器中
COPY setup.sh /mysql/setup.sh
COPY schema.sql /mysql/schema.sql
COPY privileges.sql /mysql/privileges.sql

#设置容器启动时执行的命令
CMD ["sh", "/mysql/setup.sh"]

(2)使用vim指令编写容器启动脚本setup.sh

vim setup.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -e

#查看mysql服务的状态，方便调试，这条语句可以删除
echo `service mysql status`

echo '1.启动mysql....'
#启动mysql
service mysql start
sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`

echo '2.开始导入数据....'
#导入数据
mysql < /mysql/schema.sql
echo '3.导入数据完毕....'

sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`

#重新设置mysql密码
echo '4.开始修改密码....'
mysql < /mysql/privileges.sql
echo '5.修改密码完毕....'

#sleep 3
echo `service mysql status`
echo 'mysql容器启动完毕,且数据导入成功'

tail -f /dev/null

(3)使用vim指令编写导入数据的mysql脚本命令schema.sql：

vim schema.sql

-- 创建数据库
create database `docker_mysql` default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
 
use docker_mysql;
 
-- 建表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test;
 
CREATE TABLE test (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
 `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT ""
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
 
-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO test (`id`, `name`)
VALUES
  (2020,'monster');

(4)使用vim指令编写权限设置命令privileges.sql

vim privileges.sql

use mysql;
select host, user from user;
-- 新建用户为如下命令：
create user docker identified by '123456';
-- 将docker_mysql数据库的权限授权给创建的docker用户，密码为123456：
grant all on docker_mysql.* to docker@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
-- use privileges
flush privileges;

(5)build dockerfile

sudo docker build -t mysql:test

(6)创建并运行容器,查看容器状态

sudo docker run -d -p 13306:3306 mysql:test
sudo docker ps -a

(7)进入容器的shell终端，使用用户账号输入密码后进入mysql，使用docker_mysql数据库

sudo docker exec -it <容器ID> /bin/bash
mysql -u docker -p
use docker_mysql

（8）查看tableb表，且用select指令查看测试数据

show tables;

select * from test
;

（9）查看容器信息

sudo docker inspect <容器ID>

[
    {
        "Id": "d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135",
        "Created": "2020-04-23T05:55:00.425670896Z",
        "Path": "nginx",
        "Args": [
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3641,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-04-24T02:12:24.459971836Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2020-04-23T07:25:36.726746804Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:da09579a3a3bc55798df9cc92b4c6e2b054b0555029cb2e8b49ce83df8a83793",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135/d13f526816f06aa00b2728753baecba9b59b1a6889c76bddc4405ffca1f32135-json.log",
        "Name": "/crazy_wozniak",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "2020/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "8000"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/400ba5daf7d017c73c449c023bb8c5be8f04f6f51d801b249dbfaf424494bb4e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5c52947b10b248b7ef34576df0be71d925f706a3d3cb2896276fc3171c118a2c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/33307f601386a2e6c661d1d15c66be0694f4de024f24ab84bf148657046f067f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/906a133ea323788d4adfd29699dc952d368a15a2480c8300ce1514b6fcbe2b0e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/129c02c3e53c6b2ba443ba62ceaaf58aec7cc89ca4f338b51e97a0250279872d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bb808c0382aa74ab1f015550dbb80d0d779fa90868478fa05bf9a3cfcbd02ef6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/54e0c839292d19bee454feaf85c76ae4a99fe0c6c13b903cc397a1bc0e00de7b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/400ba5daf7d017c73c449c023bb8c5be8f04f6f51d801b249dbfaf424494bb4e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/400ba5daf7d017c73c449c023bb8c5be8f04f6f51d801b249dbfaf424494bb4e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/400ba5daf7d017c73c449c023bb8c5be8f04f6f51d801b249dbfaf424494bb4e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d13f526816f0",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "2020/tcp": {},
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.17.10",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.3.9",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~buster",
                "mypath=/web"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "mynginx:test",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/web",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "b6eec9deeff87b6c84fda535330d198c0a4f1a2ccf93f87d57848ae1309c3a46",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "2020/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "8000"
                    }
                ],
                "80/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b6eec9deeff8",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "3c1d3c63256fc8a62c264528325071b611be7d9417220244629661ff20a72553",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "8ef04b7c0f9f0befc0a09cc2e12f3632afa63cca748f25c4d3df5fd7ce049f4e",
                    "EndpointID": "3c1d3c63256fc8a62c264528325071b611be7d9417220244629661ff20a72553",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

总结

过程一度十分艰难；实践一的问题主要在于端口号的映射；从正在运行的容器里面复制配置文件到宿主机；实践二的问题在于编写的setup.sh不适合docker hub最新版mysql的配置，只能使用mysql5.7的版本。