【重点突破】—— create-react-app&React组件化思想

前言:正在学习react大众点评项目课程的todoList应用阶段,学习react、redux、react-router基础知识。


一、 React项目脚手架:create-react-app

  • 新建项目:
    npx create-react-app 项目名
    

    注:(npm >= 5.2 )  

  • 三个依赖:react、react-dom、react-scripts
  • 四个命令:start、build、test、eject(将webpack的封装弹射出来)
    cd 项目名
    
    npm start (npm run start中run可省略)

 

二、使用Mock数据 —— 前后端分离模拟通过http获取mock数据的过程

方式一: 代理到mock服务器

需要开启一台mock服务器,将前端请求转发到这台mock服务器上

安装:

npm install -g serve 

启动:

serve

服务器地址:http://localhost:5000  

新建api目录,创建data.json文件

脚手架集成了请求转发的功能:package.json文件中

1.create-react-app脚手架低于2.0版本时候,可以使用对象类型

"proxy": {
     "/api": {
          "target": "http://localhost:5000",
          "changeOrigin": true
     }
}  

2.最新的create-react-app脚手架2.0版本以上只能配置string类型

"proxy": "http://localhost:5000" 

3.最好的方式可以通过middleware中间件进行配置(可以配置多个代理)

npm install http-proxy-middleware --save
const proxy = require("http-proxy-middleware");

module.exports = function(app) {
      app.use(
          proxy("/api/", {
                target: "http://localhost:5000",//跨域地址
                changeOrigin: true
          })
      );
};

请求地址:localhost:3000/api/data.json

注意:package.json内容发生了修改,必须重启应用,才能生效

 

方式二: 直接将mock数据放到项目public/mock文件夹下(采用)

原因:public文件夹下的内容不会被构建,是静态资源,可直接使用,这样在服务器上,就可以用http方式请求到mock数据了。

 

三、React思维方式:组件化思想

1.组件划分原则

解耦:降低单一模块/组件的复杂度

复用:保证组件一致性,提升开发效率

组件颗粒度需要避免过大或过小!

2.编写静态组件

开发过程解耦:静态页面和动态交互

组件开发顺序:自上而下 or 自下而上

App -> TodoList -> Todo -> AddTodo -> Footer

3.什么是state

代表UI的完整最小状态集合

4.如何判断

是否通过父组件props传入?

是否不会随着时间、交互操作变化?

是否可以通过其它state或props计算得到?

5.State的双层含义

代表应用UI的所有状态的集合

代表集合中的每一部分(待办事项列表、新增输入框文本、筛选条件

6.分析State保存位置

确定依赖state的每一个组件

如果某个state被多个组件依赖,寻找共同的父组件(状态上移)

7.添加交互行为

借助props,添加反向数据流

新增todo、修改todo状态、过滤显示

8.代码

src->index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './components/App';


ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));  

src->components->App.js

import React, { Component } from "react";
import AddTodo from "./AddTodo";
import TodoList from "./TodoList";
import Footer from "./Footer";

class App extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      todos: [],
      filter: "all"
    };
    this.nextTodoId = 0;
  }

  render() {
    const todos = this.getVisibleTodos();
    const { filter } = this.state;
    return (
      <div>
        <AddTodo addTodo={this.addTodo} />
        <TodoList todos={todos} toggleTodo={this.toggleTodo} />
        <Footer
          filter={filter}
          setVisibilityFilter={this.setVisibilityFilter}
        />
      </div>
    );
  }

  getVisibleTodos = () => {
    const currentFilter = this.state.filter;
    return this.state.todos.filter(item => {
      if (currentFilter === "active") {
        return !item.completed;
      } else if (currentFilter === "completed") {
        return item.completed;
      } else {
        return true;
      }
    });
  };

  addTodo = text => {
    const todo = {
      id: this.nextTodoId++,
      text,
      completed: false
    };
    const newTodos = [todo, ...this.state.todos];
    this.setState({
      todos: newTodos
    });
  };

  toggleTodo = id => {
    const newTodos = this.state.todos.map(item => {
      return item.id === id ? { ...item, completed: !item.completed } : item;
    });
    this.setState({
      todos: newTodos
    });
  };

  setVisibilityFilter = filter => {
    this.setState({
      filter
    });
  };
}

export default App;  

src->components->TodoList.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import Todo from "./Todo";

class TodoList extends Component {
  render() {
    const {todos, toggleTodo} = this.props;
    return (
      <ul>
        {
          todos.map(todo => {
            return <Todo key={todo.id} {...todo} 
            onClick={() => {toggleTodo(todo.id)}}/>
          })
        }
      </ul>
    );
  }
}

export default TodoList;  

src->components->Todo.js

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Todo extends Component {
  render() {
    const { completed, text, onClick } = this.props;
    return (
      <li
        onClick={onClick}
        style={{
          textDecoration: completed ? "line-through" : "none"
        }}
      >
        {text}
      </li>
    );
  }
}

export default Todo;  

src->components->AddTodo.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

class AddTodo extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      text: ''
    }
  }
  
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <input value={this.state.text} onChange={this.handleChange}/>
        <button onClick={this.handleClick}>Add</button>
      </div>
    );
  }

  handleChange = (e) => {
    this.setState({
      text: e.target.value
    })
  } 

  handleClick = () => {
    this.props.addTodo(this.state.text);
  }
}

export default AddTodo; 

src->components->Footer.js

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Footer extends Component {
  render() {
    const { filter, setVisibilityFilter } = this.props;
    return (
      <div>
        <span>Show:</span>
        <button
          disabled={filter === "all"}
          onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("all")}
        >
          All
        </button>
        <button
          disabled={filter === "active"}
          onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("active")}
        >
          Active
        </button>
        <button
          disabled={filter === "completed"}
          onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("completed")}
        >
          Completed
        </button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default Footer;

 注:项目来自慕课网

posted @ 2021-02-03 20:31  柳洁琼Elena  阅读(130)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报