【音乐App】—— Vue-music 项目学习笔记:播放器内置组件开发(一)

前言:以下内容均为学习慕课网高级实战课程的实践爬坑笔记。

项目github地址:https://github.com/66Web/ljq_vue_music,欢迎Star。


播放暂停 前进后退
一、播放器Vuex数据设计
  • 需求: 播放器可以通过歌手详情列表、歌单详情列表、排行榜、搜索结果多种组件打开,因此播放器数据一定是全局的
  • state.js目录下:定义数据
    import {playMode} from '@/common/js/config'
    
    const state = {
            singer: {},
            playing: false, //播放状态
            fullScreen: false, //播放器展开方式:全屏或收起
            playlist: [], //播放列表(随机模式下与顺序列表不同)
            sequenceList: [], //顺序播放列表
            mode: playMode.sequence, //播放模式: 顺序、循环、随机
            currentIndex: -1 //当前播放歌曲的index(当前播放歌曲为playlist[index])
    }
  • common->js目录下:创建config.js配置项目相关
    //播放器播放模式: 顺序、循环、随机
    export const playMode = {
           sequence: 0, 
           loop: 1,
           random: 2
    }
  • getter.js目录下:数据映射(类似于计算属性)
    export const playing = state => state.playing
    export const fullScreen = state => state.fullScreen
    export const playlist = state => state.playlist
    export const sequenceList = state => state.sequenceList
    export const mode = state => state.mode
    export const currentIndex = state => state.currentIndex
    
    export const currentSong = (state) => {
              return state.playlist[state.currentIndex] || {}
    }

    组件中可以通过mapgetters拿到这些数据

  • mutaion-type.js目录下:定义事件类型字符串常量
    export const SET_PLAYING_STATE = 'SET_PLAYING_STATE'
    export const SET_FULL_SCREEN = 'SET_FULL_SCREEN'
    export const SET_PLAYLIST = 'SET_PLAYLIST'
    export const SET_SEQUENCE_LIST = 'SET_SEQUENCE_LIST'
    export const SET_PLAY_MODE = 'SET_PLAY_MODE'
    export const SET_CURRENT_INDEX = 'SET_CURRENT_INDEX'

    mutation中都是动作,前缀加SET、UPDATE等

  • mutaion.js目录下:操作state
    const mutations = {
           [types.SET_SINGER](state, singer){
                 state.singer = singer
           },
           [types.SET_PLAYING_STATE](state, flag){
                 state.playing = flag
           },
           [types.SET_FULL_SCREEN](state, flag){
                 state.fullScreen = flag
           },
           [types.SET_PLAYLIST](state, list){
                 state.playlist = list
           },
           [types.SET_SEQUENCE_LIST](state, list){
                 state.sequenceList = list
           },
           [types.SET_PLAY_MODE](state, mode){
                 state.mode = mode
           },
           [types.SET_CURRENT_INDEX](state, index){
                 state.currentIndex = index
           }
    } 
二、播放器Vuex的相关应用
  • components->player目录下:创建player.vue
  1. 基础DOM:
    <div class="normal-player">
            播放器
    </div>
    <div class="mini-player"></div>
  •  App.vue中应用player组件:因为它不是任何一个路由相关组件,而是应用相关播放器,切换路由不会影响播放器的播放
    <player></player>
  • player.vue中获取数据:控制播放器的显示隐藏
    import {mapGetters} from 'vuex'
    
    computed: {
          ...mapGetters([
               'fullScreen',
               'playlist'
          ])
    }

    通过v-show判断播放列表有内容时,显示播放器,依据fullScreen控制显示不同的播放器

    <div class="player" v-show="playlist.length">
            <div class="normal-player" v-show="fullScreen">
                  播放器
            </div>
            <div class="mini-player" v-show="!fullScreen"></div>
    </div>
  • song-list.vue中添加点击播放事件:基础组件不写业务逻辑,只派发事件并传递相关数据
    @click="selectItem(song, index)
    selectItem(item, index){
          this.$emit('select', item, index)
    }

    子组件行为,只依赖本身相关,不依赖外部调用组件的需求,传出的数据可以不都使用

  • music-list.vue中监听select事件
    <song-list :songs="songs" @select="selectItem"></song-list>
  1. 设置数据,提交mutations:需要在一个动作中多次修改mutations,在actions.js中封装
    import * as types from './mutation-types'
    
    export const selectPlay = function ({commit, state}, {list, index}) {
             //commit方法提交mutation
             commit(types.SET_SEQUENCE_LIST, list)
             commit(types.SET_PLAYLIST, list)
             commit(types.SET_CURRENT_INDEX, index)
             commit(types.SET_FULL_SCREEN, true)
             commit(types.SET_PLAYING_STATE, true)
    }
  2. music-list.vue中代理actions,并在methods中调用:
    import {mapActions} from 'vuex' 
    
    selectItem(item, index){
            this.selectPlay({
                 list: this.songs,
                 index
            })
    }
    ...mapActions([
            'selectPlay'
    ])
三、播放器基础样式及歌曲数据的应用
  •  通过mapGetter获取到currentSong数据填入到DOM中:点击切换播放器展开收起,需要修改fullScreen
    import {mapGetters, mapMutations} from 'vuex'
    
    methods: {
         back() {
              //错误做法: this.fullScreen = false
              //正确做法: 通过mapMutations写入 
              this.setFullScreen(false)
         },
         open() {
              this.setFullScreen(true)
         },
         ...mapMutations({
              setFullScreen: 'SET_FULL_SCREEN'
         })
    }
四、播放器展开收起动画
  • 需求:normal-player背景图片渐隐渐现,展开时头部标题从顶部下落,底部按钮从底部回弹,收起时相反
  • 实现:动画使用<transition>,回弹效果使用贝塞尔曲线
  1. normal-player设置动画<transition name="normal">
    &.normal-enter-active, &.normal-leave-active
             transition: all 0.4s
             .top, .bottom
                  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.86, 0.18, 0.82, 1.32)
    &.normal-enter, &.normal-leave-to
             opacity: 0
             .top
                  transform: translate3d(0, -100px, 0)
             .bottom
                  transform: translate3d(0, 100px, 0)
  2. mini-player设置动画<transition name="mini">
    &.mini-enter-active, &.mini-leave-active
          transition: all 0.4s
    &.mini-enter, &.mini-leave-to
          opacity: 0
  • 需求:展开时,mini-player的专辑图片从原始位置飞入CD图片位置,同时有一个放大缩小效果, 对应顶部和底部的回弹;收起时,normal-player的CD图片从原始位置直接落入mini-player的专辑图片位置
  • 实现:Vue提供了javascript事件钩子,在相关的钩子中定义CSS3动画即可
  1. 利用第三方库:create-keyframe-animation 使用js编写CSS3动画
  2. github地址:https://github.com/HenrikJoreteg/create-keyframe-animation
  3. 安装: 
    npm install create-keyframe-animation --save  
  4. 引入:
    import animations from 'create-keyframe-animation'
    <transition name="normal" @enter="enter" @after-enter="afterEnter" @leave="leave" @after-leave="afterLeave">
  5. methods中封装函数_getPosAndScale获取初始位置及缩放尺寸: (计算以中心点为准
    _getPosAndScale(){ 
           const targetWidth = 40 //mini-player icon宽度
           const width = window.innerWidth * 0.8 //cd-wrapper宽度
           const paddingLeft = 40 
           const paddingTop = 80
           const paddingBottom = 30 //mini-player icon中心距底部位置
           const scale = targetWidth / width
           const x = -(window.innerWidth / 2 - paddingLeft) //X轴方向移动的距离
           const y = window.innerHeight - paddingTop - width / 2 - paddingBottom
           return {
                 x,
                 y, 
                 scale
           }
    }
  6. 给cd-wrapper添加引用:
    <div class="cd-wrapper" ref="cdWrapper">
  7. 定义事件钩子方法:
    //事件钩子:创建CSS3动画
    enter(el, done){
            const {x, y, scale} = this._getPosAndScale()
    
            let animation = {
                   0: {
                      transform: `translate3d(${x}px, ${y}px, 0) scale(${scale})`
                   },
                   60: {
                      transform: `translate3d(0, 0, 0) scale(1.1)`
                   }, 
                   100: {
                      transform: `translate3d(0, 0, 0) scale(1)`
                   }
            }
    
            animations.registerAnimation({
                   name: 'move',
                   animation,
                   presets: {
                      duration: 400,
                      easing: 'linear'
                   }
            })
    
           animations.runAnimation(this.$refs.cdWrapper, 'move', done)
    },
    afterEnter() {
           animations.unregisterAnimation('move')
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.style.animation = ''
    },
    leave(el, done){
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.style.transition = 'all 0.4s'
           const {x, y, scale} = this._getPosAndScale()
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.style[transform] = `translate3d(${x}px, ${y}px, 0) scale(${scale})`
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.addEventListener('transitionend', done)
    },
    afterLeave(){
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.style.transition = ''
           this.$refs.cdWrapper.style[transform] = ''
    }
  8. transform属性使用prefix自动添加前缀:
    import {prefixStyle} from '@/common/js/dom'
    const transform = prefixStyle('transform')
五、播放器歌曲播放功能实现--H5 audio
  • 添加H5 <audio>实现歌曲的播放
    <audio :src="currentSong.url" ref="audio"></audio>
  • 在watch中监听currentSong的变化,播放歌曲
    watch: {
        currentSong() {
              this.$nextTick(() => { //确保DOM已存在
                    this.$refs.audio.play()
              })
        }
    }
  • 给按钮添加点击事件,控制播放暂停
    <i class="icon-play" @click="togglePlaying"></i>
  1. 通过mapGetters获得playing播放状态
  2. 通过mapMutations定义setPlayingState方法修改mutation:
    setPlayingState: 'SET_PLAYING_STATE'
  3. 定义togglePlaying()修改mutation:传递!playing为payload参数
    togglePlaying(){
         this.setPlayingState(!this.playing)
    }
  4. 在watch中监听playing的变化,执行播放器的播放或暂停:
    playing(newPlaying){
            const audio = this.$refs.audio
            this.$nextTick(() => { //确保DOM已存在
                    newPlaying ? audio.play() : audio.pause()
            })
    }
  5. 坑:调用audio标签的play()或pause(),都必须是在DOM audio已经存在的情况下,否则就会报错
  6. 解决: 在this.$nextTick(() => { })中调用
  • 图标样式随播放暂停改变:动态绑定class属性playIcon,替换掉原原来的icon-play
    <i :class="playIcon" @click="togglePlaying"></i>
    playIcon() {
          return this.playing ? 'icon-pause' : 'icon-play'
    }
  • CD 旋转动画效果
  1. 动态绑定class属性cdCls:
    <div class="cd" :class="cdCls">
    cdCls() {
         return this.playing ? 'play' : 'pause'
    }
  2. CSS样式:
    &.play
         animation: rotate 20s linear infinite
    &.pause
         animation-play-state: paused
    
    @keyframes rotate
        0%
             transform: rotate(0)
        100%
             transform:  rotate(360deg)
六、播放器歌曲前进后退功能实现
  • 给按钮添加点击事件
    <i class="icon-prev" @click="prev"></i>
    <i class="icon-next" @click="next"></i>
  • 通过mapGetters获得currentIndex当前歌曲index

  • 通过mapMutations定义setCurrentIndex方法修改mutation
    setCurrentIndex: 'SET_CURRENT_INDEX'
  • 定义prev()和next()修改mutation: 限制index边界
    next() {
       let index = this.currentIndex + 1
       if(index === this.playlist.length){
           index = 0
       }
       this.setCurrentIndex(index)
    },
    prev() {
       let index = this.currentIndex - 1
       if(index === -1){
           index = this.playlist.length - 1
       }
       this.setCurrentIndex(index)
    }
  • 坑:前进或后退后会自动开始播放,但播放按钮的样式没有改变
  • 解决:添加判断,如果当前是暂停状态, 切换为播放
    if(!this.playing){
        this.togglePlaying()
    }
  • 坑:切换太快会出现报错:Uncaught (in promise) DOMException: The play() request was interrupted by a new load request
  • 原因:切换太快audio 数据还没有加载好
  • 解决:audio W3C文档中记录,audio有两个事件:
  1. 当歌曲地址请求到时,会派发canplay事件;
  2. 当没有请求到或请求错误时,会派发error事件
    <audio :src="currentSong.url" ref="audio" @canplay="ready" @error="error"></audio>

    在data中维护一个标志位数据songReady,通过ready方法控制只有歌曲数据请求好后,才可以播放

    data() {
       return {
            songReady: false
       }
    }
    ready() {
        this.songReady = true
    }

    在prev()、next()和togglePlaying中添加判断,当歌曲数据还没有请求好的时候,不播放

    if(!this.songReady){
       return
    }

    其中prev()和next()中歌曲发生改变了之后,重置songReady为false,便于下一次ready()

    this.songReady = false
  • 坑:当没有网络,或切换歌曲的url有问题时,songReady就一直为false,所有播放的逻辑就执行不了了
  • 解决: error()中也使songReady为true,这样既可以保证播放功能的正常使用,也可以保证快速点击时不报错
  • 优化: 给按钮添加disable的样式
    <div class="icon i-left" :class="disableCls">
    <div class="icon i-center" :class="disableCls">
    <div class="icon i-right" :class="disableCls">
    disableCls() {
        return this.songReady ? '' : 'disable'
    }
    &.disable
        color: $color-theme-d
七、播放器时间获取
  • data中维护currentTime当前播放时间:currentTime: 0 (audio的可读写属性
  • audio中监听时间更新事件:
    @timeupdate="updateTime"
  • methods中定义updateTime()获取当前时间的时间戳,并封装format函数格式化:
    //获取播放时间
    updateTime(e) {
        this.currentTime = e.target.currentTime //时间戳
    },
    format(interval){
        interval = interval | 0 //向下取整
        const minute = interval / 60 | 0
        const second = this._pad(interval % 60)
        return `${minute}:${second}`
    }
  • 坑:秒一开始显示个位只有一位数字,体验不好
  • 解决:定义_pad()用0补位
    _pad(num, n = 2){ //用0补位,补2位字符串长度
        let len = num.toString().length
        while(len < n){
             num = '0' + num
             len++
        }
        return num
    }
  • 格式化后的数据填入DOM,显示当前播放时间和总时间:
    <span class="time time-l">{{format(currentTime)}}</span>
    <span class="time time-r">{{format(currentSong.duration)}}</span>
八、播放器progress-bar进度条组件实现
  • base->progress-bar目录下:创建progress-bar.vue

       需求:进度条和小球随着播放时间的变化而变化

  • 实现:
  1. 从父组件接收props参数:进度比percentplayer.vue中通过计算属性得到)
  2. watch中监听percent,通过计算进度条总长度和偏移量,动态设置进度条的width和小球的transform
    const progressBtnWidth = 16 //通过样式设置得到
    
    props: {
        percent: {
           type: Number,
           default: 0
        }
    },
    watch: {
        percent(newPercent) {
          if(newPercent >= 0){
             const barWidth = this.$refs.progressBar.clientWidth - progressBtnWidth
             const offsetWidth = newPercent * barWidth
             this.$refs.progress.style.width = `${offsetWidth}px` //进度条偏移
             this.$refs.progressBtn.style[transform] = `translate3d(${offsetWidth}px, 0, 0)` //小球偏移
         }
       }
    }

       需求:拖动进度条控制歌曲播放进度

  • 实现:
  1. 监听touchstart、touchmove、touchend事件,阻止浏览器默认行为;
    <div class="progress-btn-wrapper" ref="progressBtn"
         @touchstart.prevent="progressTouchStart"
         @touchmove.prevent="progressTouchMove"
         @touchend="progressTouchEnd">
  2. created()中创建touch空对象,用于挂载共享数据;
    created(){
       this.touch = {}
    }
  3. methods中定义3个方法,通过计算拖动偏移量得到进度条总偏移量,并派发事件给父组件:
    progressTouchStart(e) {
          this.touch.initiated = true //标志位 表示初始化
          this.touch.startX = e.touches[0].pageX //当前拖动点X轴位置
          this.touch.left = this.$refs.progress.clientWidth //当前进度条位置
    },
    progressTouchMove(e) {
          if(!this.touch.initiated){
              return
          }
          const barWidth = this.$refs.progressBar.clientWidth - progressBtnWidth
          const deltaX = e.touches[0].pageX - this.touch.startX //拖动偏移量
          const offsetWidth = Math.min(barWidth, Math.max(0, this.touch.left + deltaX))
          this._offset(offsetWidth)
    },
    progressTouchEnd() {
          this.touch.initiated = false
          this._triggerPercent()
    },
    _triggerPercent(){
          const barWidth = this.$refs.progressBar.clientWidth - progressBtnWidth
          const percent = this.$refs.progress.clientWidth / barWidth
          this.$emit('percentChange', percent)
    },
    _offset(offsetWidth){
          this.$refs.progress.style.width = `${offsetWidth}px` //进度条偏移
          this.$refs.progressBtn.style[transform] = `translate3d(${offsetWidth}px, 0, 0)` //小球偏移
    }
  4. watch中添加条件设置拖动时,进度条不随歌曲当前进度而变化:
    watch: {
        percent(newPercent) {
             if(newPercent >= 0 && !this.touch.initiated){
                const barWidth = this.$refs.progressBar.clientWidth - progressBtnWidth
                const offsetWidth = newPercent * barWidth
                this._offset(offsetWidth)
             }
        }
    }
  5. player.vue组件中监听percentChange事件,将改变后的播放时间写入currentTime,并设置改变后自动播放:
    @percentChange="onProgressBarChange"
    onProgressBarChange(percent) {
         this.$refs.audio.currentTime = this.currentSong.duration * percent
         if(!this.playing){
             this.togglePlaying()
         }
    }

       需求:点击进度条任意位置,改变歌曲播放进度

  • 实现:添加点击事件,通过react.left计算得到偏移量,设置进度条偏移,并派发事件改变歌曲播放时间
    <div class="progress-bar" ref="progressBar" @click="progressClick">
    progressClick(e) {
         const rect = this.$refs.progressBar.getBoundingClientRect()
         const offsetWidth = e.pageX - rect.left
         this._offset(offsetWidth)
         this._triggerPercent()
    }
九、播放器progress-circle圆形进度条实现 -- SVG
  • base->progress-circle目录下:创建progress-circle.vue
  1. 使用SVG实现圆:
    <div class="progress-circle">
            <!-- viewBox 视口位置 与半径、宽高相关 stroke-dasharray 描边虚线 周长2πr stroke-dashoffset 描边偏移 未描边部分-->
            <svg :width="radius" :height="radius" viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1"
                  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                 <circle class="progress-backgroud" r="50" cx="50" cy="50" fill="transparent"/>
                 <circle class="progress-bar" r="50" cx="50" cy="50" fill="transparent" 
                         :stroke-dasharray="dashArray" :stroke-dashoffset="dashOffset"/>
            </svg>
            <slot></slot>
    </div>  
  2. 需要从父组件接收props参数:视口半径、当前歌曲进度百分比
    props: {
        radius: {
           type: Number,
           default: 100
        },
        percent: {
           type: Number,
           default: 0
       }
    }
  • player.vue中使圆形进度条包裹mini-player的播放按钮,并传入半径和百分比:
    <progress-circle :radius="radius" :percent="percent"><!-- radius: 32 -->
         <i :class="miniIcon" @click.stop.prevent="togglePlaying" class="icon-mini"></i>
    </progress-circle>
  • progress-circle.vue中维护数据dashArray,并使用computed计算出当前进度对应的偏移量:
    data() {
        return {
           dashArray: Math.PI * 100 //圆周长 描边总长
        }
    },
    computed: {
        dashOffset() { 
           return (1 - this.percent) * this.dashArray //描边偏移量
       }
    }

 注:项目来自慕课网

posted @ 2018-12-24 13:37  柳洁琼Elena  阅读(1234)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报