Mac下 使用 HomeBrew 管理第三方软件包, 与哪些好用的第三方软件包
什么是HomeBrew
使用Homebrew安装 Apple（或您的 Linux 系统）没有预装但 你需要的东西。
安装HomeBrew
1.1将brew的install文件下载本地
cd ~ && curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install >> brew_install
1.2修改install文件的镜像源
# BREW_REPO = "https://github.com/Homebrew/brew".freeze
BREW_REPO = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git".freeze
1.3安装brew
/usr/bin/ruby ~/brew_install
1.4验证是否安装成功
$ brew doctor
如果没成功先卸载brew一下，再试
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
如何使用 HomeBrew 安装软件
安装完 HomeBrew 后可使用以下命令进行软件包安装：
brew install 软件名称HomeBrew 常用命令
$ brew --help # 查看简洁帮助
$ man brew # 完整命令帮助
$ brew install [name] # 安装软件包
$ brew uninstall [name] # 卸载软件包
$ brew search [name] # 搜索软件包
$ brew list # 显示已经安装的所有软件包
$ brew update # 同步远程最新更新情况，对本机已经安装并有更新的软件用*标明
$ brew outdated # 查看已安装的哪些软件包需要更新
$ brew upgrade [name] # 更新单个软件包
$ brew info [name] # 查看软件包信息
$ brew home [name] # 访问软件包官方站
$ brew cleanup # 清理所有已安装软件包的历史老版本
$ brew cleanup [name] # 清理单个已安装软件包的历史版本
HomeBrew中安装的好用的三方软件
wget
1、安装wget
安装命令：brew install wget
检验是否安装成功：
安装成功后结果如下：
MacBook-Pro:~ home$ wget http://www.arefly.com/
--2020-06-02 14:46:12-- http://www.arefly.com/
正在解析主机 www.arefly.com (www.arefly.com)... 115.29.198.97
正在连接 www.arefly.com (www.arefly.com)|115.29.198.97|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 301 Moved Permanently
位置：https://www.arefly.com/ [跟随至新的 URL]
--2020-06-02 14:46:12-- https://www.arefly.com/
正在连接 www.arefly.com (www.arefly.com)|115.29.198.97|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：75961 (74K) [text/html]
正在保存至: “index.html”
index.html 100%[===================>] 74.18K --.-KB/s 用时 0.01s
2020-06-02 14:46:13 (5.38 MB/s) - 已保存 “index.html” [75961/75961])
Zsh 入门(安装及使用)
先看下你的 CentOS 支持哪些 shell：cat /etc/shells，正常结果应该是这样的：
MacBook-Pro:~ dunk$ cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/dash
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh
默认 CentOS / Ubuntu / Mac 系统用的是 Bash，倒也不是说 Bash 不好，而是说我们有更好的选择。
Zsh 安装
- CentOS 安装：
sudo yum install -y zsh Ubuntu 安装：sudo apt-get install -y zsh在检查下系统的 shell：cat /etc/shells，你会发现多了一个：/bin/zsh
使用 Zsh 扩展集合：oh-my-zsh
什么是Oh My Zsh
Oh My Zsh是一款社区驱动的命令行工具，正如它的主页上说的，Oh My Zsh 是一种生活方式。它基于zsh命令行，提供了主题配置，插件机制，已经内置的便捷操作。给我们一种全新的方式使用命令行。
Oh My Zsh这个名字听起来就很有意思，它是基于zsh命令行的一个扩展工具集，提供了丰富的扩展功能。
Oh My Zsh只是一个对zsh命令行环境的配置包装框架，但它不提供命令行窗口，更不是一个独立的APP。
- oh-my-zsh 帮我们整理了一些常用的 Zsh 扩展功能和主题：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh
- 我们无需自己去捣搞 Zsh，直接用 oh-my-zsh 就足够了，如果你想继续深造的话那再去弄。
- 先安装 git：
sudo yum install -y git - 安装 oh-my-zsh
-
Basic Installation Oh My Zsh is installed by running one of the following commands in your terminal. You can install this via the command-line with either curl or wget. via curl sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" via wget
// 这里使用 wgetsh -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
- 在以 root 用户为前提下，oh-my-zsh 的安装目录：/root/.oh-my-zsh
- 在以 root 用户为前提下，Zsh 的配置文件位置：/root/.zshrc
- 为 root 用户设置 zsh 为系统默认 shell：
chsh -s /bin/zsh root 注意：这里安装的时候会有Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] 的选择，写Y然后回车就可以
- 如果你要重新恢复到 bash：
chsh -s /bin/bash root - 现在你关掉终端或是重新连上 shell，现在开头是一个箭头了，如下图：
-
Oh My Zsh目录结构
进入~/.oh-my-zsh目录后，看看该目录的结构
lib 提供了核心功能的脚本库
tools 提供安装、升级等功能的快捷工具
plugins 自带插件的存在放位置
templates 自带模板的存在放位置
themes 自带主题文件的存在放位置
custom 个性化配置目录，自安装的插件和主题可放这里
Zsh 配置
插件
- 启用 oh-my-zsh 中自带的插件。
- oh-my-zsh 的插件列表介绍（太长了，用源码不精准地统计下有 149 个）：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugins
- 编辑配置文件：
vim /root/.zshrc，找到下图的地方，怎么安装，原作者注释写得很清楚了，别装太多了，默认 git 是安装的。
git 自动显示当前分支名称和修改状态
git 快捷键
https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/blob/master/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh
zsh帮我们配置了一些git的常常用命令简写，我常用的是几个命令
gst 代表 git status
# 添加当前目录的所有文件到暂存区 alias ga . ='git add .'
# 提交暂存区到仓库区 alias gcmsg ='git commit -m'
# 提交工作区自上次commit之后的变化，直接到仓库区 gca 代表 git commit -v -a'
# 提交 alias gp ='git push'
# 切换到指定分支，并更新工作区 gco 代表 git checkout
# 列出所有本地分支 alias gb ='git branch'
# 列出所有本地分支和远程分支 alias gba ='git branch -a'
进入 ~/.zshrc配置文件，先给看下我的配置，可以凭自己喜好更改：
vim ~/.zshrc
# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH. # export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH # Path to your oh-my-zsh installation. export ZSH="/Users/dunkhome/.oh-my-zsh" # Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will # load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case, # to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME # See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell" # Set list of themes to pick from when loading at random # Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random will cause zsh to load # a theme from this variable instead of looking in $ZSH/themes/ # If set to an empty array, this variable will have no effect. # ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" ) # Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion. # CASE_SENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. # Case-sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable. # HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks. # DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true" # Uncomment the following line to automatically update without prompting. # DISABLE_UPDATE_PROMPT="true" # Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days). # export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13 # Uncomment the following line if pasting URLs and other text is messed up. # DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS=true # Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls. # DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title. # DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true" # Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction. # ENABLE_CORRECTION="true" # Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion. # COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files # under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories # much, much faster. # DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time # stamp shown in the history command output. # You can set one of the optional three formats: # "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd" # or set a custom format using the strftime function format specifications, # see 'man strftime' for details. # HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy" # Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom? # ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder # Which plugins would you like to load? # Standard plugins can be found in $ZSH/plugins/ # Custom plugins may be added to $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/ # Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse) # Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup. plugins=(git) source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh # User configuration # export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH" # You may need to manually set your language environment # export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # Preferred editor for local and remote sessions # if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then # export EDITOR='vim' # else # export EDITOR='mvim' # fi # Compilation flags # export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" # Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs, # plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh # users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder. # For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`. #
设置主题
我们默认使用的主题叫做robbyrussel
Oh My Zsh默认自带了一些默认主题，存放在~/.oh-my-zsh/themes目录中。我们可以查看这些主题
➜ ~ git:(master) ✗ ls ~/.oh-my-zsh CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md cache oh-my-zsh.sh tools CONTRIBUTING.md custom plugins LICENSE.txt lib templates README.md log themes ➜ ~ git:(master) ✗ ls ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes 3den.zsh-theme kardan.zsh-theme Soliah.zsh-theme kennethreitz.zsh-theme adben.zsh-theme kiwi.zsh-theme af-magic.zsh-theme kolo.zsh-theme afowler.zsh-theme kphoen.zsh-theme agnoster.zsh-theme lambda.zsh-theme alanpeabody.zsh-theme linuxonly.zsh-theme amuse.zsh-theme lukerandall.zsh-theme apple.zsh-theme macovsky-ruby.zsh-theme arrow.zsh-theme macovsky.zsh-theme aussiegeek.zsh-theme maran.zsh-theme avit.zsh-theme mgutz.zsh-theme awesomepanda.zsh-theme mh.zsh-theme bira.zsh-theme michelebologna.zsh-theme blinks.zsh-theme mikeh.zsh-theme bureau.zsh-theme miloshadzic.zsh-theme candy-kingdom.zsh-theme minimal.zsh-theme candy.zsh-theme mira.zsh-theme clean.zsh-theme mortalscumbag.zsh-theme cloud.zsh-theme mrtazz.zsh-theme crcandy.zsh-theme murilasso.zsh-theme crunch.zsh-theme muse.zsh-theme cypher.zsh-theme nanotech.zsh-theme dallas.zsh-theme nebirhos.zsh-theme darkblood.zsh-theme nicoulaj.zsh-theme daveverwer.zsh-theme norm.zsh-theme dieter.zsh-theme obraun.zsh-theme dogenpunk.zsh-theme peepcode.zsh-theme dpoggi.zsh-theme philips.zsh-theme dst.zsh-theme pmcgee.zsh-theme dstufft.zsh-theme pygmalion-virtualenv.zsh-theme duellj.zsh-theme pygmalion.zsh-theme eastwood.zsh-theme random.zsh-theme edvardm.zsh-theme re5et.zsh-theme emotty.zsh-theme refined.zsh-theme essembeh.zsh-theme rgm.zsh-theme evan.zsh-theme risto.zsh-theme fino-time.zsh-theme rixius.zsh-theme fino.zsh-theme rkj-repos.zsh-theme fishy.zsh-theme rkj.zsh-theme flazz.zsh-theme robbyrussell.zsh-theme fletcherm.zsh-theme sammy.zsh-theme fox.zsh-theme simonoff.zsh-theme frisk.zsh-theme simple.zsh-theme frontcube.zsh-theme skaro.zsh-theme funky.zsh-theme smt.zsh-theme fwalch.zsh-theme sonicradish.zsh-theme gallifrey.zsh-theme sorin.zsh-theme gallois.zsh-theme sporty_256.zsh-theme garyblessington.zsh-theme steeef.zsh-theme gentoo.zsh-theme strug.zsh-theme geoffgarside.zsh-theme sunaku.zsh-theme gianu.zsh-theme sunrise.zsh-theme gnzh.zsh-theme superjarin.zsh-theme gozilla.zsh-theme suvash.zsh-theme half-life.zsh-theme takashiyoshida.zsh-theme humza.zsh-theme terminalparty.zsh-theme imajes.zsh-theme theunraveler.zsh-theme intheloop.zsh-theme tjkirch.zsh-theme itchy.zsh-theme tjkirch_mod.zsh-theme jaischeema.zsh-theme tonotdo.zsh-theme jbergantine.zsh-theme trapd00r.zsh-theme jispwoso.zsh-theme wedisagree.zsh-theme jnrowe.zsh-theme wezm+.zsh-theme jonathan.zsh-theme wezm.zsh-theme josh.zsh-theme wuffers.zsh-theme jreese.zsh-theme xiong-chiamiov-plus.zsh-theme jtriley.zsh-theme xiong-chiamiov.zsh-theme juanghurtado.zsh-theme ys.zsh-theme junkfood.zsh-theme zhann.zsh-theme kafeitu.zsh-theme ➜ ~ git:(master) ✗
默认插件
Oh My Zsh 默认自带了一些默认插件，存放在~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins目录中。我们可以查看这些插件
➜ ~ git:(master) ✗ ls ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins adb git-extras profiles alias-finder git-flow pyenv ansible git-flow-avh pylint ant git-hubflow python apache2-macports git-prompt rails arcanist gitfast rake archlinux github rake-fast asdf gitignore rand-quote autoenv glassfish rbenv autojump globalias rbfu autopep8 gnu-utils react-native aws go rebar battery golang redis-cli bazel gpg-agent repo bbedit gradle ripgrep bgnotify grails ros boot2docker grunt rsync bower gulp ruby branch hanami rust brew helm rustup bundler heroku rvm cabal history safe-paste cake history-substring-search salt cakephp3 hitokoto sbt capistrano homestead scala cargo httpie scd cask ionic screen catimg iterm2 scw celery jake-node sdk chruby jenv sfdx chucknorris jfrog sfffe cloudapp jhbuild shell-proxy cloudfoundry jira shrink-path codeclimate jruby singlechar coffee jsontools spring colemak jump sprunge colored-man-pages kate ssh-agent colorize keychain stack command-not-found kitchen sublime common-aliases knife sudo compleat knife_ssh supervisor composer kops suse copybuffer kube-ps1 svcat copydir kubectl svn copyfile laravel svn-fast-info cp laravel4 swiftpm cpanm laravel5 symfony dash last-working-dir symfony2 debian lein systemadmin dircycle lighthouse systemd direnv lol taskwarrior dirhistory lxd terminitor dirpersist macports terraform django magic-enter textastic dnf man textmate dnote marked2 thefuck docker mercurial themes docker-compose meteor thor docker-machine microk8s tig doctl minikube timer dotenv mix tmux dotnet mix-fast tmux-cssh droplr mosh tmuxinator drush mvn torrent eecms mysql-macports transfer emacs n98-magerun tugboat ember-cli nanoc ubuntu emoji ng ufw emoji-clock nmap urltools emotty node vagrant encode64 nomad vagrant-prompt extract npm vault fabric npx vi-mode fancy-ctrl-z nvm vim-interaction fasd oc virtualenv fastfile osx virtualenvwrapper fbterm otp vscode fd pass vundle fedora paver wakeonlan firewalld pep8 wd flutter per-directory-history web-search forklift percol wp-cli fossil perl xcode frontend-search perms yarn fzf phing yii gas pip yii2 gatsby pipenv yum gb pj z gcloud please zeus geeknote pod zsh-interactive-cd gem postgres zsh-navigation-tools git pow zsh_reload git-auto-fetch powder git-escape-magic powify ➜ ~ git:(master) ✗
默认是只有git
plugins=(git)
新增插件举例
- 安装zsh-syntax-highlighting语法高亮插件
下载插件
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git echo "source ${(q-)PWD}/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> ${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
编辑激活 ~/.zshrc配置文件
plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting )
保存后 source一下，让改变生效
source ~/.zshrc
发现再敲命令就有颜色了，比如命令有误的时候是红色，命令正确的时候是绿色。
软件安装位置：cd ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
oh my zsh 手动更新，可以执行
upgrade_oh_my_zsh
卸载oh my zsh
直接在终端中，运行uninstall_oh_my_zsh既可以卸载。
备注：
插件可以装很多，但是装多了之后会在每次进入命令提示符的时候明显变慢。慎用。
