走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（4）
一 右键菜单
1 右键菜单
当在窗体点击鼠标右键时，弹出的菜单。
2 右键菜单的使用
2.1 创建菜单
CreatePopupMenu
2.2 菜单添加
AppendMenu
2.3 菜单的显示、
BOOL TrackPopupMenu(
HMENU hMenu, //显示的菜单句柄
UINT uFlags, //显示的方式
int x, //菜单的X屏幕坐标
int y, //菜单的Y屏幕坐标
int nReserved, //保留,必须为0
HWND hWnd, //处理菜单命令的窗体句柄
CONST RECT *prcRect ); //忽略2.4 菜单的命令处理
WM_COMMAND
2.5 使用右键菜单的位置
2.5.1 WM_RBUTTONUP 消息
在WM_RBUTTONUP中,加入菜单的创建及显示,
右键消息坐标,转换成屏幕坐标使用.
ClientToScreen.
2.5.2 WM_CONTEXTMENU 消息
用于显示右键的菜单的消息.
WPARAM - 右键抬起时相应窗体句柄
LPARAM - 右键抬起时鼠标的屏幕坐标位置
LOWORD(lParam) - X屏幕坐标
HIWORD(lParam) - Y屏幕坐标
2.5.3 WM_RBUTTONUP和WM_CONTEXTMENU对照
1) 坐标系不同, WM_RBUTTONUP客户区坐标,WM_CONTEXTMENU屏幕坐标
2) 先有WM_RBUTTONUP消息,后有WM_CONTEXTMENU消息
/* File : winPopMenu.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140706
* Mail : 413977243@qq.com
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
void OnRButtonUp( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{ // 创建弹出式菜单
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 添加菜单项
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "測试1");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 获取菜单位置
POINT point = { 0 };
point.x = LOWORD( lParam );
point.y = HIWORD( lParam );
ClientToScreen( hWnd, &point );
// 显示菜单
TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
point.x, point.y, 0, hWnd, NULL );
}
void OnContextMenu( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{ // 创建弹出式菜单
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 添加菜单项
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "測试2");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 坐标获取
int nX = LOWORD( lParam );
int nY = HIWORD( lParam );
// 显示菜单
TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
nX, nY, 0, hWnd, NULL );
// 删除菜单
DestroyMenu( hPopMenu );
}
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case 1001:
MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Popmenu",
"PopMenu", MB_OK );
break;
case 1002:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_RBUTTONUP:
//OnRButtonUp( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_CONTEXTMENU:
OnContextMenu( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = NULL;
wce.hIcon = NULL;
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}二、资源的使用
1 资源文件
图标、光标、字符串、菜单、加速键和对话框资源,位图资源等等。
资源脚本文件 - 扩展名为RC文件。
定义了资源和相关文件等等信息。
资源编译器 - RC.exe
2 图标资源ICON
2.1 经常使用的几种大小: 16X16, 32X32,48X48
2.2 使用
HICON LoadIcon(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序的句柄
LPCTSTR lpIconName );//图标的ID字符串
2.3 系统提供的图标
hInstance为空, lpIconName为定义的系统图标.
2.4 自己绘制的图标
hInstance为图标所在的应用程序的实例句柄
2.5 注意点：
一个图标文件里,能够包括多种大小、颜色不同的图标，系统使用图标时，通过大小来匹配。假设未找到大小全然一致的，那么会使用大小最接近的图标格式替换。
3 光标资源
3.1 光标资源
热点 Hotspot - 能够产生鼠标点击的位置
3.2 使用
HCURSOR LoadCursor(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
3.3 系统的光标
hInstance为空，lpCursorName指定为系统的光标就可以获得
3.4 自绘制的光标
hInstance不能为空。
3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
当鼠标在窗体内就会产生。
能够在程序运行的过程中改动鼠标样式。
wParam - 窗体句柄;
LOWORD(lParam) - 所在位置的标识
HIWORD(lParam) - 鼠标的消息ID
SetCursour 设置当前窗体的光标
/* File : winRes.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140710
* Mail : 413977243@qq.com
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinUser.h>
#include "Resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*为了仅仅处理客户区消息。须要添加这个设置*/
{
// return FALSE;
}
//获得窗体的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//依据位置载入光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
/*HCURSOR LoadCursor(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
* LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
* 系统光标: hInstance为NULL，lpCursorName：光标资源ID
* 自绘制光标：hInstance不能为NULL。lpCursorName：自绘光标资源ID
*/
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标
SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
/*当鼠标在窗体内就会触发这个消息。能够再程序运行过程中改动光标的样式*/
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) )
{
/*设置光标属性生效，必须返回*/
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
/*运行默认的光标属性*/
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) );
wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}4 字符串资源4.1 包括字符串的资源
4.2 使用
int LoadString(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID
LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
返回获取字符串的长度
5 菜单资源
5.1 加入菜单资源
5.2 载入菜单资源
HMENU LoadMenu(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串
返回载入成功的菜单的句柄
5.3 命令处理
使用加入的菜单ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,处理菜单命令.
6 加速键资源
6.1 加速键的作用
能够使用加速键运行命令. 比如Ctrl+S存盘.
6.2 加速键资源的加入
6.3 加速键的使用
6.3.1 载入
HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//资源所在的应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpTableName ); //加速键表的ID字符串
载入成功返回加速键表的句柄
6.3.2 添加消息处理
int TranslateAccelerator( HWND hWnd, //处理加速键的窗体句柄 HACCEL hAccTable, //加速键表 LPMSG lpMsg );//MSG结构的地址
6.4 关于加速键的消息
TranslateAccelerator的作用是将WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻译成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息时,会依据加速键表中按键和命令ID相应关系,找到相应的命令ID,然后调用窗体处理函数,运行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当找到相应命令ID并运行后，TranslateAccelerator返回非零。那么就不再运行兴许的处理，消息循环等候下一条消息。
否则，继续让消息循环中的TansnlateMessage和DispatchMessage处理。
/* File : winRes.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140710
* Mail : 413977243@qq.com
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinUser.h>
#include "Resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*为了仅仅处理客户区消息，须要添加这个设置*/
{
// return FALSE;
}
//获得窗体的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//依据位置载入光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
/*HCURSOR LoadCursor(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
* LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
* 系统光标: hInstance为NULL，lpCursorName：光标资源ID
* 自绘制光标：hInstance不能为NULL，lpCursorName：自绘光标资源ID
*/
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标
SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
void OnCommand(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
/*ID 号*/
int nCmdID = LOWORD(wParam);
switch(nCmdID){
case ID_40001:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case ID_40002:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
/*当鼠标在窗体内就会触发这个消息，能够再程序运行过程中改动光标的样式*/
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) )
{
/*设置光标属性生效，必须返回*/
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_COMMAND:/*处理菜单的命令*/
OnCommand(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
/*运行默认的光标属性*/
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) );
wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
/*载入字符串资源
* int LoadString(
* HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
* UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID
* LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
* int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
* 返回获取字符串的长度
* 用户：在多语言支持中使用字符串资源。
*/
char buf[256] = {'\0'};
LoadString(g_hInst,IDS_MAIN,buf,256);
/*载入菜单资源
* HMENU LoadMenu(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄
* LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串
*
* 返回载入成功的菜单的句柄
*/
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN));
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, /*"MyWnd"*/buf,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message(HWND hWnd )
{
/*载入加速键表
*
*/
HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL));
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
/*添加加速键的消息处理*/
if(!TranslateAccelerator(hWnd,hAccel,&msg)){
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message(hWnd );
return 0;
}
