使用Python导出Excel图表以及导出为图片的方法

本篇讲下如何使用纯python代码将excel 中的图表导出为图片。这里需要使用的模块有win32com、pythoncom模块。

网上经查询有人已经写好的模块pyxlchart，具体代码如下：

    from win32com.client import Dispatch
    import os
    import pythoncom
    class Pyxlchart(object):
     """
     This class exports charts in an Excel Spreadsheet to the FileSystem
     win32com libraries are required.
     """
     def __init__(self):
      pythoncom.CoInitialize()
      self.WorkbookDirectory = ''
      self.WorkbookFilename = ''
      self.GetAllWorkbooks = False
      self.SheetName = ''
      self.ChartName = ''
      self.GetAllWorkbookCharts = False
      self.GetAllWorksheetCharts = False
      self.ExportPath = ''
      self.ImageFilename = ''
      self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar = '_'
      self.ImageType = 'jpg'
     def __del__(self):
      pass
     def start_export(self):
      if self.WorkbookDirectory == '':
       return "WorkbookDirectory not set"
      else:
       self._export()
     def _export(self):
      """
      Exports Charts as determined by the settings in class variabels.
      """
      excel = Dispatch("excel.application")
      excel.Visible = False
      wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.join(self.WorkbookDirectory ,self.WorkbookFilename))
      self._get_Charts_In_Worksheet(wb,self.SheetName,self.ChartName)
      wb.Close(False)
      excel.Quit()
     def _get_Charts_In_Worksheet(self,wb,worksheet = "", chartname = ""):
      if worksheet != "" and chartname != "":
       sht = self._change_sheet(wb,worksheet)
       cht = sht.ChartObjects(chartname)
       self._save_chart(cht)
       return
      if worksheet == "":
       for sht in wb.Worksheets:
        for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
         if chartname == "":
          self._save_chart(cht)
         else:
          if chartname == cht.Name:
           self._save_chart(cht)
      else:
       sht = wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
       for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
        if chartname == "":
         self._save_chart(cht)
        else:
         if chartname == cht.Name:
          self._save_chart(cht)
     def _change_sheet(self,wb,worksheet):
      try:
       return wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
      except:
       raise NameError('Unable to Select Sheet: ' + worksheet + ' in Workbook: ' + wb.Name)
     def _save_chart(self,chartObject):
      imagename = self._get_filename(chartObject.Name)
      savepath = os.path.join(self.ExportPath,imagename)
      print savepath
      chartObject.Chart.Export(savepath,self.ImageType)
     def _get_filename(self,chartname):
      """
      Replaces white space in self.WorkbookFileName with the value given in self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar
      If self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar is an empty string then self.WorkBookFileName is left as is
      """
      if self.ImageFilename == '':
       self.ImageFilename == chartname
      if self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar != '':
       chartname.replace(' ',self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar)
      if self.ImageFilename != "":
       return self.ImageFilename + "_" + chartname + "." + self.ImageType
      else:
       return chartname + '.' + self.ImageType
    if __name__ == "__main__":
     xl = Pyxlchart()
     xl.WorkbookDirectory = "\\\\maawtns01\\discipline\\procurement\\MATERIEL\\Raw Material\\Data Management\\Hawk"
     xl.WorkbookFilename = "Hawk Workability KPI.xlsm"
     xl.SheetName = ""
     xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
     xl.ExportPath = "d:\\pycharts"
     xl.ChartName = ""
     xl.start_export()
     print "This file does not currently allow direct access"
     print "Please import PyXLChart and run start_export()"
    

这里还使用Excel vba将chart另存为图片篇中创建的chart_column.xlsx表，使用上面的模块的方法如下：

    from pyxlchart import Pyxlchart
    xl = Pyxlchart()
    xl.WorkbookDirectory = "D:\\"
    xl.WorkbookFilename = "chart_column.xlsx"
    xl.SheetName = ""
    #xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
    xl.ExportPath = "d:\\"
    xl.ChartName = ""
    xl.start_export()
    

由于有该表里有多张图表，所以上面未指定xl.ImageFilename ，使用示例如下：

**Excel vba将chart另存为图片
** python下使用xlswriter模块，可以轻松在excel 中创建图片，不过想实现将生成的chart图表导出为图片，在email 中导入图片的目标
。经网上查询未找到通过python代码将excel 中已经生成的图片导出为图片的方法，不过通过变通方法，使用excel 内的vba 宏却可以轻松将图片导出。

1、导出单张图片

python 创建chart图片代码：

    #coding: utf-8
    import xlsxwriter
    import random
    def get_num():
     return random.randrange(0, 201, 2)
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('analyse_spider.xlsx') #创建一个Excel文件
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() #创建一个工作表对象
    chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) #创建一个图表对象
    #定义数据表头列表
    title = [u'业务名称',u'星期一',u'星期二',u'星期三',u'星期四',u'星期五',u'星期六',u'星期日',u'平均流量']
    buname= [u'运维之路',u'就要IT',u'baidu.com',u'361way.com',u'91it.org'] #定义频道名称
    #定义5频道一周7天流量数据列表
    data = []
    for i in range(5):
     tmp = []
     for j in range(7):
      tmp.append(get_num())
     data.append(tmp)
    format=workbook.add_format() #定义format格式对象
    format.set_border(1) #定义format对象单元格边框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_title=workbook.add_format() #定义format_title格式对象
    format_title.set_border(1) #定义format_title对象单元格边框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_title.set_bg_color('#cccccc') #定义format_title对象单元格背景颜色为
              #'#cccccc'的格式
    format_title.set_align('center') #定义format_title对象单元格居中对齐的格式
    format_title.set_bold() #定义format_title对象单元格内容加粗的格式
    format_ave=workbook.add_format() #定义format_ave格式对象
    format_ave.set_border(1) #定义format_ave对象单元格边框加粗(1像素)的格式
    format_ave.set_num_format('0.00') #定义format_ave对象单元格数字类别显示格式
    #下面分别以行或列写入方式将标题、业务名称、流量数据写入起初单元格，同时引用不同格式对象
    worksheet.write_row('A1',title,format_title)
    worksheet.write_column('A2', buname,format)
    worksheet.write_row('B2', data[0],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B3', data[1],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B4', data[2],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B5', data[3],format)
    worksheet.write_row('B6', data[4],format)
    #定义图表数据系列函数
    def chart_series(cur_row):
     worksheet.write_formula('I'+cur_row, \
      '=AVERAGE(B'+cur_row+':H'+cur_row+')',format_ave) #计算（AVERAGE函数）频
                   #道周平均流量
     chart.add_series({
      'categories': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$H$1', #将“星期一至星期日”作为图表数据标签(X轴)
      'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$'+cur_row+':$H$'+cur_row, #频道一周所有数据作
                    #为数据区域
      'line':  {'color': 'black'}, #线条颜色定义为black(黑色)
      'name': '=Sheet1!$A$'+cur_row, #引用业务名称为图例项
     })
    for row in range(2, 7): #数据域以第2～6行进行图表数据系列函数调用
     chart_series(str(row))
    chart.set_size({'width': 577, 'height': 287}) #设置图表大小
    chart.set_title ({'name': u'爬虫分析'}) #设置图表（上方）大标题
    chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'count'}) #设置y轴（左侧）小标题
    worksheet.insert_chart('A8', chart) #在A8单元格插入图表
    workbook.close() #关闭Excel文档
    

由于这里只有一张图片，通过vba 代码很容易生成图片 。方法为，打开该excel 图表，通过alt + F11
快捷键打开宏编辑界面；打开VB编辑器的立即窗口：”视图“-”立即窗口“，或者使用快捷键"Ctrl + G" ，接着输入如下代码

    activesheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart.Export "C:\chart.png"
    

按 " Enter " 键后，会在C盘生成上面的生成的chart图表。

二、导出多张图表

python代码如下：

    #coding: utf-8
    import xlsxwriter
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_column.xlsx')
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
    bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
    # 这是个数据table的列
    headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']
    data = [
     [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
     [10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
     [30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
    ]
    worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
    worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
    worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
    worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
    ############################################
    #创建一个图表，类型是column
    chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
    # 配置series,这个和前面wordsheet是有关系的。
    chart1.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure a second series. Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
    chart1.add_series({
     'name':  ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
     'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
     'values':  ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart1.set_title ({'name': 'Results of sample analysis'})
    chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart1.set_style(11)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    #######################################################################
    #
    # Create a stacked chart sub-type.
    #
    chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'stacked'})
    # Configure the first series.
    chart2.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure second series.
    chart2.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart2.set_title ({'name': 'Stacked Chart'})
    chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart2.set_style(12)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    #######################################################################
    #
    # Create a percentage stacked chart sub-type.
    #
    chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'percent_stacked'})
    # Configure the first series.
    chart3.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
    })
    # Configure second series.
    chart3.add_series({
     'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
     'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
     'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
    })
    # Add a chart title and some axis labels.
    chart3.set_title ({'name': 'Percent Stacked Chart'})
    chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
    chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
    # Set an Excel chart style.
    chart3.set_style(13)
    # Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
    worksheet.insert_chart('D34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
    workbook.close()
    

同一数据源上面创建了三种类型的图 ，由于有三张图，上面的导出一张图的方法肯定是不行了，这里打开宏，创建如下宏内容：

    Sub exportimg()
    Dim XlsChart As ChartObject
    For Each XlsChart In Worksheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects
     XlsChart.Chart.Export Filename:="C:\" & XlsChart.Name & ".jpg", FilterName:="JPG"
    Next
    End Sub
    

该示例这里就不再截图，具体可以自行运行。