1 Selenium Python 基础
1 环境搭建
- setuptools:setuptools是一组Python的distutilsde工具的增强工具,可以让程序员更方便的创建和发布Python包
下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools#downloads
安装:cd setuptools目录,执行 python setup.py install
- pip:pip是python的安装包管理工具
下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip#downloads
安装:cd pip目录,执行python setup.py install,安装完毕需要设置环境变量path,C:\Python27\Scripts
- selenium:UI自动化测试开源工具
最新版安装:pip install selenium
指定版安装:pip install selenium==2.48.0
查看版本:pip show selenium
2 第一个程序
那百度的搜索当作第一个例子
selenium3.x开始,webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py的init中,executable_path=”geckodriver”;
而2.x是executable_path=”wires”;
所以需要自己配置geckodriver;
下载地址:https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
下载后(根据系统版本选择):
解压取出geckodriver.exe(以64x为例);
将geckodriver.exe放到Firefox的安装目录下,如:(D:\火狐\Mozilla Firefox);
将火狐安装目录(D:\火狐\Mozilla Firefox)添加到环境变量path中
(最终要的一步)重启pycharm,不要像我一样傻逼的装了好几次火狐就不重启一次pycharm
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1 from selenium import webdriver 2 3 driver = webdriver.Firefox() 4 driver.maximize_window() 5 driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/") 6 7 #搜索 8 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']").send_keys("java") 9 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='su']").click()
3 对象识别
3.1浏览器操作
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1 from selenium import webdriver 2 3 driver = webdriver.Firefox(); #启动浏览器 4 driver.maximize_window(); #浏览器最大化 5 dirver.get("https://www.baidu.com"); #浏览器导航 6 driver.back(); #浏览器后退 7 driver.forward(); #浏览器前进 8 driver.refresh(); #浏览器刷新
3.2一般操作
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1 from selenium import webdriver 2 3 #链接 4 linkLogin = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()='登录']"); 5 linkLogin.click(); 6 7 #输入框 8 textUsername = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_8__userName']"); 9 textUsername.clear(); 10 textUsername.sendKeys(“测试开发"); 11 12 #按钮 13 WebElement buttonLogin = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='TANGRAM__PSP_8__submit']"); 14 buttonLogin.click(); 15 16 #悬停 17 my = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='s_username_top']/span"); 18 action = ActionChains(driver); 19 action.move_to_element(my).perform(); 20 21 #单选 22 #方法1 23 radiosGender = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='passport-sex-2']"); 24 radiosGender.click(); 25 #方法2 – 从0开始 26 radiosGender = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input[@name='passport_sex']"); 27 radiosGender.pop(0).click(); 28 29 #多选框 30 #方法1 31 xg = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='passport-character-1']"); 32 xg.click(); 33 #方法2 – 从0开始 34 xg = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input[@name='passport_character']"); 35 xg.pop(0).click(); 36 37 #下拉 38 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select 39 40 time =driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='main-wraper']//select[1]"); 41 select = Select(time); 42 select.select_by_visible_text("三个月内"); 43 44 #JS 45 js = "alert('你好');" 46 driver.execute_script(js); 47 alert =driver.switch_to_alert(); 48 alert.accept(); 49 50 #上传文件 51 file = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='uploadfile']/input"); 52 file.sendKeys("C:\\test.txt"); 53 54 #iframe切换 55 baidu = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//iframe[@id='baidu']"); 56 driver.switch_to_frame(baidu); #切换到iframe 57 …… 58 …… 59 driver.switch_to.parent_frame(); #切换回原窗口 60 61 #弹出窗口 62 link = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='alert']/input"); 63 link.click(); 64 alert =driver.switch_to_alert(); 65 alert.accept(); 66 67 #窗口切换 68 def switchToWindow(title): 69 currentHandle = driver.current_window_handle; 70 handles = driver.window_handles; 71 72 for handle in handles: 73 if handle == currentHandle: 74 continue; 75 else: 76 driver.switch_to_window(handle); 77 if title in driver.title: 78 break; 79 else: 80 continue; 81 switchToWindow("帐号设置");
3.3 鼠标操作
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1 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains 2 3 #悬停 4 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 5 action = ActionChains(driver); 6 action.move_to_element(element).perform(); 7 #右击 8 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 9 action = ActionChains(driver); 10 action.context_click(element).perform(); 11 #双击 12 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 13 action = ActionChains(driver); 14 action.double_click(element).perform(); 15 #拖拽 16 source = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 17 target = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 18 action = ActionChains(driver); 19 action.drag_and_drop(source, target).perform();
3.4 键盘操作
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1 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 2 3 #全选 4 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 5 element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,"a"); 6 #复制 7 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 8 element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,“c"); 9 #粘贴 10 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 11 element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,“v"); 12 #回车 13 element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='u1']/a[text()=‘XX']"); 14 element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER);