【网络编程】TCPIP_2_套接字类型与协议设置
目录
前言
说明:
- demo 基于 Linux。
- 建议直接参考实例。
2. 套接字类型与协议设置
原文:李柱明博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/lizhuming/p/15149522.html
2.1 套接字协议及数据传输特性
2.1.1 创建套接字API
API:
/* 成功时返回文件描述符,失败时返回-1
domain: 套接字中使用的协议族(Protocol Family)
type: 套接字数据传输的类型信息
protocol: 计算机间通信中使用的协议信息
*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
2.1.2 协议族(Protocol Family)
名称 | 协议族 |
---|---|
PF_INET | IPV4 互联网协议族 |
PF_INET6 | IPV6 互联网协议族 |
PF_LOCAL | 本地通信 Unix 协议族 |
PF_PACKET | 底层套接字的协议族 |
PF_IPX | IPX Novel 协议族 |
2.1.3 套接字类型(Type)
常用:
- SOCK_STREAM:流。TCP。即是面向连接。
- 特点:可靠地、按序传递的、基于字节的面向连接的数据传输方式的套接字。
- 传输过程中数据不会消失。
- 按序传输数据。
- 传输的数据不存在数据边界(Boundary)。
- 缓冲区不会因为满而丢失数据,因为有滑动窗口控制,能接收多少都会告诉对端。
- 特点:可靠地、按序传递的、基于字节的面向连接的数据传输方式的套接字。
- SOCK_DGRAM:面向消息的套接字。
- 特点:不可靠的、不按序传递的、以数据的高速传输为目的套接字。
- 强调快速传输而非传输有序。
- 传输的数据可能丢失也可能损毁。
- 传输的数据有边界。
- 限制每次传输数据的大小。
- 特点:不可靠的、不按序传递的、以数据的高速传输为目的套接字。
2.1.4 协议的最终选择
如 Ipv4 的协议族 & 面向连接的数据传输中的 TCP 套接字:IPPROTO_TCP。
2.1.5 实例
/* TCP */
int tcp_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
/* UDP */
int udp_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
2.2 linux 源码参数参考(附件)
- domain:
/* Protocol families, same as address families. */
#define PF_UNSPEC AF_UNSPEC
#define PF_UNIX AF_UNIX
#define PF_LOCAL AF_LOCAL
#define PF_INET AF_INET
#define PF_AX25 AF_AX25
#define PF_IPX AF_IPX
#define PF_APPLETALK AF_APPLETALK
#define PF_NETROM AF_NETROM
#define PF_BRIDGE AF_BRIDGE
#define PF_ATMPVC AF_ATMPVC
#define PF_X25 AF_X25
#define PF_INET6 AF_INET6
#define PF_ROSE AF_ROSE
#define PF_DECnet AF_DECnet
#define PF_NETBEUI AF_NETBEUI
#define PF_SECURITY AF_SECURITY
#define PF_KEY AF_KEY
#define PF_NETLINK AF_NETLINK
#define PF_ROUTE AF_ROUTE
#define PF_PACKET AF_PACKET
#define PF_ASH AF_ASH
#define PF_ECONET AF_ECONET
#define PF_ATMSVC AF_ATMSVC
#define PF_RDS AF_RDS
#define PF_SNA AF_SNA
#define PF_IRDA AF_IRDA
#define PF_PPPOX AF_PPPOX
#define PF_WANPIPE AF_WANPIPE
#define PF_LLC AF_LLC
#define PF_IB AF_IB
#define PF_MPLS AF_MPLS
#define PF_CAN AF_CAN
#define PF_TIPC AF_TIPC
#define PF_BLUETOOTH AF_BLUETOOTH
#define PF_IUCV AF_IUCV
#define PF_RXRPC AF_RXRPC
#define PF_ISDN AF_ISDN
#define PF_PHONET AF_PHONET
#define PF_IEEE802154 AF_IEEE802154
#define PF_CAIF AF_CAIF
#define PF_ALG AF_ALG
#define PF_NFC AF_NFC
#define PF_VSOCK AF_VSOCK
#define PF_KCM AF_KCM
#define PF_QIPCRTR AF_QIPCRTR
#define PF_SMC AF_SMC
#define PF_XDP AF_XDP
#define PF_MAX AF_MAX
- type:
/**
* enum sock_type - Socket types
* @SOCK_STREAM: stream (connection) socket
* @SOCK_DGRAM: datagram (conn.less) socket
* @SOCK_RAW: raw socket
* @SOCK_RDM: reliably-delivered message
* @SOCK_SEQPACKET: sequential packet socket
* @SOCK_DCCP: Datagram Congestion Control Protocol socket
* @SOCK_PACKET: linux specific way of getting packets at the dev level.
* For writing rarp and other similar things on the user level.
*/
enum sock_type {
SOCK_STREAM = 1,
SOCK_DGRAM = 2,
SOCK_RAW = 3,
SOCK_RDM = 4,
SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5,
SOCK_DCCP = 6,
SOCK_PACKET = 10,
};
- protocol:
/* Standard well-defined IP protocols. */
enum {
IPPROTO_IP = 0, /* Dummy protocol for TCP */
#define IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IP
IPPROTO_ICMP = 1, /* Internet Control Message Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_ICMP
IPPROTO_IGMP = 2, /* Internet Group Management Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IGMP IPPROTO_IGMP
IPPROTO_IPIP = 4, /* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94) */
#define IPPROTO_IPIP IPPROTO_IPIP
IPPROTO_TCP = 6, /* Transmission Control Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
IPPROTO_EGP = 8, /* Exterior Gateway Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_EGP IPPROTO_EGP
IPPROTO_PUP = 12, /* PUP protocol */
#define IPPROTO_PUP IPPROTO_PUP
IPPROTO_UDP = 17, /* User Datagram Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_UDP
IPPROTO_IDP = 22, /* XNS IDP protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IDP IPPROTO_IDP
IPPROTO_TP = 29, /* SO Transport Protocol Class 4 */
#define IPPROTO_TP IPPROTO_TP
IPPROTO_DCCP = 33, /* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_DCCP IPPROTO_DCCP
IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41, /* IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnelling */
#define IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6
IPPROTO_RSVP = 46, /* RSVP Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_RSVP IPPROTO_RSVP
IPPROTO_GRE = 47, /* Cisco GRE tunnels (rfc 1701,1702) */
#define IPPROTO_GRE IPPROTO_GRE
IPPROTO_ESP = 50, /* Encapsulation Security Payload protocol */
#define IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_ESP
IPPROTO_AH = 51, /* Authentication Header protocol */
#define IPPROTO_AH IPPROTO_AH
IPPROTO_MTP = 92, /* Multicast Transport Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_MTP IPPROTO_MTP
IPPROTO_BEETPH = 94, /* IP option pseudo header for BEET */
#define IPPROTO_BEETPH IPPROTO_BEETPH
IPPROTO_ENCAP = 98, /* Encapsulation Header */
#define IPPROTO_ENCAP IPPROTO_ENCAP
IPPROTO_PIM = 103, /* Protocol Independent Multicast */
#define IPPROTO_PIM IPPROTO_PIM
IPPROTO_COMP = 108, /* Compression Header Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_COMP IPPROTO_COMP
IPPROTO_SCTP = 132, /* Stream Control Transport Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_SCTP IPPROTO_SCTP
IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 136, /* UDP-Lite (RFC 3828) */
#define IPPROTO_UDPLITE IPPROTO_UDPLITE
IPPROTO_MPLS = 137, /* MPLS in IP (RFC 4023) */
#define IPPROTO_MPLS IPPROTO_MPLS
IPPROTO_ETHERNET = 143, /* Ethernet-within-IPv6 Encapsulation */
#define IPPROTO_ETHERNET IPPROTO_ETHERNET
IPPROTO_RAW = 255, /* Raw IP packets */
#define IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_RAW
IPPROTO_MPTCP = 262, /* Multipath TCP connection */
#define IPPROTO_MPTCP IPPROTO_MPTCP
IPPROTO_MAX
};
参考:
- 《TCP/IP网络编程》
- github