【网络编程】TCPIP_2_套接字类型与协议设置

目录

前言

说明：

  • demo 基于 Linux。
  • 建议直接参考实例。

2. 套接字类型与协议设置

原文：李柱明博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/lizhuming/p/15149522.html

2.1 套接字协议及数据传输特性

2.1.1 创建套接字API

API：

/*	成功时返回文件描述符，失败时返回-1
	domain: 套接字中使用的协议族（Protocol Family）
	type: 套接字数据传输的类型信息
	protocol: 计算机间通信中使用的协议信息
*/
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);

2.1.2 协议族（Protocol Family）

名称 协议族
PF_INET IPV4 互联网协议族
PF_INET6 IPV6 互联网协议族
PF_LOCAL 本地通信 Unix 协议族
PF_PACKET 底层套接字的协议族
PF_IPX IPX Novel 协议族

2.1.3 套接字类型（Type）

常用：

  • SOCK_STREAM：流。TCP。即是面向连接。
    • 特点：可靠地、按序传递的、基于字节的面向连接的数据传输方式的套接字。
      • 传输过程中数据不会消失。
      • 按序传输数据。
      • 传输的数据不存在数据边界（Boundary）。
      • 缓冲区不会因为满而丢失数据，因为有滑动窗口控制，能接收多少都会告诉对端。
  • SOCK_DGRAM：面向消息的套接字。
    • 特点：不可靠的、不按序传递的、以数据的高速传输为目的套接字。
      • 强调快速传输而非传输有序。
      • 传输的数据可能丢失也可能损毁。
      • 传输的数据有边界。
      • 限制每次传输数据的大小。

2.1.4 协议的最终选择

如 Ipv4 的协议族 & 面向连接的数据传输中的 TCP 套接字：IPPROTO_TCP。

2.1.5 实例

/* TCP */
int tcp_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

/* UDP */
int udp_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);

2.2 linux 源码参数参考（附件）

  • domain：
/* Protocol families, same as address families. */
#define PF_UNSPEC	AF_UNSPEC
#define PF_UNIX		AF_UNIX
#define PF_LOCAL	AF_LOCAL
#define PF_INET		AF_INET
#define PF_AX25		AF_AX25
#define PF_IPX		AF_IPX
#define PF_APPLETALK	AF_APPLETALK
#define	PF_NETROM	AF_NETROM
#define PF_BRIDGE	AF_BRIDGE
#define PF_ATMPVC	AF_ATMPVC
#define PF_X25		AF_X25
#define PF_INET6	AF_INET6
#define PF_ROSE		AF_ROSE
#define PF_DECnet	AF_DECnet
#define PF_NETBEUI	AF_NETBEUI
#define PF_SECURITY	AF_SECURITY
#define PF_KEY		AF_KEY
#define PF_NETLINK	AF_NETLINK
#define PF_ROUTE	AF_ROUTE
#define PF_PACKET	AF_PACKET
#define PF_ASH		AF_ASH
#define PF_ECONET	AF_ECONET
#define PF_ATMSVC	AF_ATMSVC
#define PF_RDS		AF_RDS
#define PF_SNA		AF_SNA
#define PF_IRDA		AF_IRDA
#define PF_PPPOX	AF_PPPOX
#define PF_WANPIPE	AF_WANPIPE
#define PF_LLC		AF_LLC
#define PF_IB		AF_IB
#define PF_MPLS		AF_MPLS
#define PF_CAN		AF_CAN
#define PF_TIPC		AF_TIPC
#define PF_BLUETOOTH	AF_BLUETOOTH
#define PF_IUCV		AF_IUCV
#define PF_RXRPC	AF_RXRPC
#define PF_ISDN		AF_ISDN
#define PF_PHONET	AF_PHONET
#define PF_IEEE802154	AF_IEEE802154
#define PF_CAIF		AF_CAIF
#define PF_ALG		AF_ALG
#define PF_NFC		AF_NFC
#define PF_VSOCK	AF_VSOCK
#define PF_KCM		AF_KCM
#define PF_QIPCRTR	AF_QIPCRTR
#define PF_SMC		AF_SMC
#define PF_XDP		AF_XDP
#define PF_MAX		AF_MAX
  • type：
/**
 * enum sock_type - Socket types
 * @SOCK_STREAM: stream (connection) socket
 * @SOCK_DGRAM: datagram (conn.less) socket
 * @SOCK_RAW: raw socket
 * @SOCK_RDM: reliably-delivered message
 * @SOCK_SEQPACKET: sequential packet socket
 * @SOCK_DCCP: Datagram Congestion Control Protocol socket
 * @SOCK_PACKET: linux specific way of getting packets at the dev level.
 *		  For writing rarp and other similar things on the user level.
 */
enum sock_type {
	SOCK_STREAM	= 1,
	SOCK_DGRAM	= 2,
	SOCK_RAW	= 3,
	SOCK_RDM	= 4,
	SOCK_SEQPACKET	= 5,
	SOCK_DCCP	= 6,
	SOCK_PACKET	= 10,
};
  • protocol：
/* Standard well-defined IP protocols.  */
enum {
  IPPROTO_IP = 0,		/* Dummy protocol for TCP		*/
#define IPPROTO_IP		IPPROTO_IP
  IPPROTO_ICMP = 1,		/* Internet Control Message Protocol	*/
#define IPPROTO_ICMP		IPPROTO_ICMP
  IPPROTO_IGMP = 2,		/* Internet Group Management Protocol	*/
#define IPPROTO_IGMP		IPPROTO_IGMP
  IPPROTO_IPIP = 4,		/* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94) */
#define IPPROTO_IPIP		IPPROTO_IPIP
  IPPROTO_TCP = 6,		/* Transmission Control Protocol	*/
#define IPPROTO_TCP		IPPROTO_TCP
  IPPROTO_EGP = 8,		/* Exterior Gateway Protocol		*/
#define IPPROTO_EGP		IPPROTO_EGP
  IPPROTO_PUP = 12,		/* PUP protocol				*/
#define IPPROTO_PUP		IPPROTO_PUP
  IPPROTO_UDP = 17,		/* User Datagram Protocol		*/
#define IPPROTO_UDP		IPPROTO_UDP
  IPPROTO_IDP = 22,		/* XNS IDP protocol			*/
#define IPPROTO_IDP		IPPROTO_IDP
  IPPROTO_TP = 29,		/* SO Transport Protocol Class 4	*/
#define IPPROTO_TP		IPPROTO_TP
  IPPROTO_DCCP = 33,		/* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_DCCP		IPPROTO_DCCP
  IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41,		/* IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnelling		*/
#define IPPROTO_IPV6		IPPROTO_IPV6
  IPPROTO_RSVP = 46,		/* RSVP Protocol			*/
#define IPPROTO_RSVP		IPPROTO_RSVP
  IPPROTO_GRE = 47,		/* Cisco GRE tunnels (rfc 1701,1702)	*/
#define IPPROTO_GRE		IPPROTO_GRE
  IPPROTO_ESP = 50,		/* Encapsulation Security Payload protocol */
#define IPPROTO_ESP		IPPROTO_ESP
  IPPROTO_AH = 51,		/* Authentication Header protocol	*/
#define IPPROTO_AH		IPPROTO_AH
  IPPROTO_MTP = 92,		/* Multicast Transport Protocol		*/
#define IPPROTO_MTP		IPPROTO_MTP
  IPPROTO_BEETPH = 94,		/* IP option pseudo header for BEET	*/
#define IPPROTO_BEETPH		IPPROTO_BEETPH
  IPPROTO_ENCAP = 98,		/* Encapsulation Header			*/
#define IPPROTO_ENCAP		IPPROTO_ENCAP
  IPPROTO_PIM = 103,		/* Protocol Independent Multicast	*/
#define IPPROTO_PIM		IPPROTO_PIM
  IPPROTO_COMP = 108,		/* Compression Header Protocol		*/
#define IPPROTO_COMP		IPPROTO_COMP
  IPPROTO_SCTP = 132,		/* Stream Control Transport Protocol	*/
#define IPPROTO_SCTP		IPPROTO_SCTP
  IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 136,	/* UDP-Lite (RFC 3828)			*/
#define IPPROTO_UDPLITE		IPPROTO_UDPLITE
  IPPROTO_MPLS = 137,		/* MPLS in IP (RFC 4023)		*/
#define IPPROTO_MPLS		IPPROTO_MPLS
  IPPROTO_ETHERNET = 143,	/* Ethernet-within-IPv6 Encapsulation	*/
#define IPPROTO_ETHERNET	IPPROTO_ETHERNET
  IPPROTO_RAW = 255,		/* Raw IP packets			*/
#define IPPROTO_RAW		IPPROTO_RAW
  IPPROTO_MPTCP = 262,		/* Multipath TCP connection		*/
#define IPPROTO_MPTCP		IPPROTO_MPTCP
  IPPROTO_MAX
};

参考：

  • 《TCP/IP网络编程》
  • github
posted @ 2021-08-17 08:58  李柱明  阅读(294)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报