【Docker学习笔记】Docker常用命令学习
Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker --version # 查看版本信息
docker info # 查看详细信息
docker --help # 查看帮助信息
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像的ID
docker search 镜像搜索
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker search php
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
php While designed for web development, the PHP … 5375 [OK]
# 可选项，通过搜索过滤
-- filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索STARS大于3000的
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker search php --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
php While designed for web development, the PHP … 5375 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker pull php
# 不写tag默认为latset
Using default tag: latest
6ec8c9369e08: Pull complete
081a822af595: Pull complete
bb5bea655fca: Pull complete
1e5d9e6a44c7: Pull complete
da8a51e623d9: Pull complete
cd2df0beae26: Pull complete
514e63ef36f2: Pull complete
e8488b2212fe: Pull complete
042251161f0b: Pull complete
# 签名
Digest: sha256:b868fcb2d9be8322ad884c863af3255332eb357fc9fe0156107d32e405e18c54
Status: Downloaded newer image for php:latest
# 地址
docker.io/library/php:latest
# 指定版本下载
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker pull php:7.3
docker rmi 删除镜像
# 删除指定ID的镜像，可删除多个 docker rmi -f 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker rmi -f 7d7c6be4f840
Untagged: php:7.3
Untagged: php@sha256:c8fa7be665b534667af68e6eef204b2512be252b0e73e76caf3cedfd6c5ff8fd
Deleted: sha256:7d7c6be4f84094b562dedd634f0c5883689ddba2316c6c6e44215527f50e4632
Deleted: sha256:4f0604b633e709da00af8241135609c17a5df727f11988d710b8d0b28d42d4b9
Deleted: sha256:201ae7bf350add1f09532c7ecbfd6e261e6d5e211e6aa1f04afa77893fa4939f
Deleted: sha256:f7688e2cf3f87f3ff8710998afb7b2816118362b200480e9242b4ff5fbc31663
Deleted: sha256:933ab32183b38f25973dc9318f8e112c58545ea0857b62f2c6fcd5f9fb69d370
Deleted: sha256:af05e4b6ed7832860b7bcc4bbb412be4ddae206051258a8bf59ae041f68e3d42
Deleted: sha256:a75f698e001d9b4b5efaf8b0148cdacc29620a8bd37cfa6436d40e9b0104da6b
# 删除全部的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
-- name=“name” # 容器名字
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p # 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it php /bin/bash
root@1907dcea0da4:/#
# 退出
root@1907dcea0da4:/# exit;
exit
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# docker ps 列出当前正在运行的容器
# docker ps -a 列出所有的容器
# docker ps -n=m 列出最近创建的m个容器
# docker ps -aq 列出所有的容器的CONTAINER ID
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1907dcea0da4 php "docker-php-entrypoi…" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago vibrant_faraday
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1907dcea0da4 php "docker-php-entrypoi…" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago vibrant_faraday
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -aq
1907dcea0da4
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并退出
control + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q| xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
# 删除运行中的容器，报异常，需强制删除 rm -f
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker rm a037f8f3bf19
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a037f8f3bf19e64cd1ac8a9164c09fbe0ffdde568f852923f83f988b901bd573. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a -q| xargs docker rm
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker start d8b4bdded727
d8b4bdded727
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker restart d8b4bdded727
d8b4bdded727
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker stop d8b4bdded727
d8b4bdded727
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d8b4bdded727 php "docker-php-entrypoi…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 seconds hardcore_driscoll
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker kill d8b4bdded727
d8b4bdded727
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -d php
65e612a4798f69ee95aada31436b82b8398b9ac727366276d43f73535f834aa7
# 问题docker ps 发现php 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 容器启用后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
# 命令 docker logs -f -t --tail 日志条数
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker logs -f -t --tail 10 92e9a5eccd14
# 显示日志
-t # 显示时间戳
-f # 显示日志
--tial number # 要显示日志条数
查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker inspect 92e9a5eccd14
[
{
"Id": "92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc",
"Created": "2020-07-29T14:26:28.6879799Z",
"Path": "docker-php-entrypoint",
"Args": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo lizhipeng;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2726,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-07-29T14:26:29.1080868Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:960551db44e4a4d6d6317fc799517e71a62018bf89a57cffea950f8ca118c615",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc/92e9a5eccd14fcf068dc61a5f2c430dddeea8b0ff24c8f10e2ebcf45962515dc-json.log",
"Name": "/jovial_vaughan",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/190a8cb16f746a2d67b867bff9dd4b6f307bde61f4f37b3b92d8397a241a7631-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/009c4848a039b27aaffc2d4141cb189536075c938aadb4527eee622960b77b5a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ec0ff6603ebc0ab32a2981886992de373f1827c3a021e6980b2c652df350b581/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/760ece6e83cd0146e2dc42108c2c7c696645f636f365ae027893d740e7b70a42/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26902cbee80b10a35106d68a6f5065c0a418c27c528f88b9dd7424a23990a848/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/25e33d8716a91730d213dad26645d833d48e58abda359b1c7f830c290599f599/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8c444a320cacc709aad97afe5f5b1325873f1f6b65f571cb7e35b27490eb6703/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a517e0e44e3b80201274de63a7a7efab5a414a965d640f265a28d67ea169059/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eedc3535793c93c73f49d47096a492d20bcc94bd01f52604e47f26eb1f3405e1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fce6cce592e88606181c919e3426f4b52767a9cbe22a9034df1bd870eaa06fac/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/190a8cb16f746a2d67b867bff9dd4b6f307bde61f4f37b3b92d8397a241a7631/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/190a8cb16f746a2d67b867bff9dd4b6f307bde61f4f37b3b92d8397a241a7631/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/190a8cb16f746a2d67b867bff9dd4b6f307bde61f4f37b3b92d8397a241a7631/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "92e9a5eccd14",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"PHPIZE_DEPS=autoconf \t\tdpkg-dev \t\tfile \t\tg++ \t\tgcc \t\tlibc-dev \t\tmake \t\tpkg-config \t\tre2c",
"PHP_INI_DIR=/usr/local/etc/php",
"PHP_CFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
"PHP_CPPFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
"PHP_LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -pie",
"GPG_KEYS=42670A7FE4D0441C8E4632349E4FDC074A4EF02D 5A52880781F755608BF815FC910DEB46F53EA312",
"PHP_VERSION=7.4.8",
"PHP_URL=https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.8.tar.xz",
"PHP_ASC_URL=https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.8.tar.xz.asc",
"PHP_SHA256=642843890b732e8af01cb661e823ae01472af1402f211c83009c9b3abd073245",
"PHP_MD5="
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo lizhipeng;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "php",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-php-entrypoint"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "2575a22b7b7f59d1fe9938757acc7098e65783f308a06246d77e8d29ebc3f0a4",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2575a22b7b7f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "007672071e54dfcfbf43cb8f0806a1c899105f62d511a43fea1623730cb851a6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "af3ed9ef1e4b900d6d85afca15973e8d0afc67bc2c5de1e97e89ad9fe19cea51",
"EndpointID": "007672071e54dfcfbf43cb8f0806a1c899105f62d511a43fea1623730cb851a6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
92e9a5eccd14 php "docker-php-entrypoi…" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes jovial_vaughan
master@lizhipengdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker exec -it 92e9a5eccd14 /bin/bash
root@92e9a5eccd14:/#
