C语言string.h中常用字符函数介绍
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/xuwenmin888/archive/2013/05/03/3057883.html
strcpy
函数名: strcpy 功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 用 法: char * strcpy ( char *destin, char *source); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi" ; strcpy (string, str1); printf ( "%s\n" , string); return 0; } |
strncpy
函数名: strncpy 原型: char * strncpy ( char *dest, char *src, size_t n); 功能:将字符串src中最多n个字符复制到字符数组dest中(它并不像 strcpy 一样遇到NULL才停止复制,而是等凑够n个字符才开始复制),返回指向dest的指针。 #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi" ; strncpy (string, str1,3); printf ( "%s\n" , string); return 0; } |
strcat
函数名: strcat 功 能: 字符串拼接函数 用 法: char * strcat ( char *destin, char *source); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char destination[25]; char *blank = " " , *c = "C++" , *Borland = "Borland" ; strcpy (destination, Borland); strcat (destination, blank); strcat (destination, c); printf ( "%s\n" , destination); return 0; } |
strchr
函数名: strchr 功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ 用 法: char * strchr ( char *str, char c); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char string[15]; char *ptr, c = 'r' ; strcpy (string, "This is a string" ); ptr = strchr (string, c); if (ptr) printf ( "The character %c is at position: %d\n" , c, ptr-string); else printf ( "The character was not found\n" ); return 0; } |
strcmp
函数名: strcmp 功 能: 串比较 用 法: int strcmp ( char *str1, char *str2); 看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *buf1 = "aaa" , *buf2 = "bbb" , *buf3 = "ccc" ; int ptr; ptr = strcmp (buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" ); else printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" ); ptr = strcmp (buf2, buf3); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n" ); else printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n" ); return 0; } |
strnicmp
函数名: strnicmp 功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 用 法: int strnicmp( char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ; int ptr; ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr < 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr == 0) printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" ); return 0; } |
strlen
函数名: strlen 功能: strlen 函数求的是字符串的长度,它求得方法是从字符串的首地址开始到遇到第一个 '\0' 停止计数,如果你只定义没有给它赋初值,这个结果是不定的,它会从字符串首地址一直记下去,直到遇到 '\0' 才会停止。 原型: size_t strlen ( const char *s); #include<stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { int i=0; char *he = "Hello,world" ; i= strlen (he); printf ( "字符串长度为%d\n" ,i); return 0; } // 运行结果: 字符串长度为11 |
strcspn
函数名: strcspn 功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 用 法: int strcspn ( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main( void ) { char *string1 = "1234567890" ; char *string2 = "747DC8" ; int length; length = strcspn (string1, string2); printf ( "Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n" , length); return 0; } |
strdup
函数名: strdup 功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 用 法: char *strdup( char *str); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main( void ) { char *dup_str, *string = "abcde" ; dup_str = strdup(string); printf ( "%s\n" , dup_str); free (dup_str); return 0; } |
stricmp
函数名:stricmp 功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 用 法: int stricmp( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ; int ptr; ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr < 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr == 0) printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" ); return 0; } |
strerror
函数名: strerror 功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 用 法: char * strerror ( int errnum); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <errno.h> int main( void ) { char *buffer; buffer = strerror ( errno ); printf ( "Error: %s\n" , buffer); return 0; } |
strcmpi
函数名: strcmpi 功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 用 法: int strcmpi( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *buf1 = "BBB" , *buf2 = "bbb" ; int ptr; ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr < 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr == 0) printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" ); return 0; } |
strnicmp
函数名: strnicmp 功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 用 法: int strnicmp( char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *buf1 = "BBBccc" , *buf2 = "bbbccc" ; int ptr; ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); if (ptr > 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr < 0) printf ( "buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n" ); if (ptr == 0) printf ( "buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n" ); return 0; } |
strnset
函数名: strnset 功 能: 将一个字符串前n个字符都设为指定字符 用 法: char *strnset( char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ; char letter = 'x' ; printf ( "string before strnset: %s\n" , string); strnset(string, letter, 13); printf ( "string after strnset: %s\n" , string); return 0; } |
strpbrk
函数名: strpbrk 功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 用 法: char * strpbrk ( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ; char *string2 = "onm" ; char *ptr; ptr = strpbrk (string1, string2); if (ptr) printf ( "strpbrk found first character: %c\n" , *ptr); else printf ( "strpbrk didn't find character in set\n" ); return 0; } |
strrchr
函数名: strrchr 功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 用 法: char * strrchr ( char *str, char c); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char string[15]; char *ptr, c = 'r' ; strcpy (string, "This is a string" ); ptr = strrchr (string, c); if (ptr) printf ( "The character %c is at position: %d\n" , c, ptr-string); else printf ( "The character was not found\n" ); return 0; } |
strrev
函数名: strrev 功 能: 串倒转 用 法: char *strrev( char *str); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *forward = "string" ; printf ( "Before strrev(): %s\n" , forward); strrev(forward); printf ( "After strrev(): %s\n" , forward); return 0; } |
strset
函数名: strset 功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 用 法: char *strset( char *str, char c); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char string[10] = "123456789" ; char symbol = 'c' ; printf ( "Before strset(): %s\n" , string); strset(string, symbol); printf ( "After strset(): %s\n" , string); return 0; } |
strstr
函数名: strstr 功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 用 法: char * strstr ( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char *str1 = "Borland International" , *str2 = "nation" , *ptr; ptr = strstr (str1, str2); printf ( "The substring is: %s\n" , ptr); return 0; } |
strtod
函数名: strtod 功 能: 将字符串转换为 double 型值 用 法: double strtod ( char *str, char **endptr); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main( void ) { char input[80], *endptr; double value; printf ( "Enter a floating point number:" ); gets (input); value = strtod (input, &endptr); printf ( "The string is %s the number is %lf\n" , input, value); return 0; } |
strtok
函数名: strtok 功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 用 法: char * strtok ( char *str1, char *str2); 程序例: #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char input[16] = "abc,d" ; char *p; /* strtok places a NULL terminator in front of the token, if found */ p = strtok (input, "," ); if (p) printf ( "%s\n" , p); /* A second call to strtok using a NULL as the first parameter returns a pointer to the character following the token */ p = strtok (NULL, "," ); if (p) printf ( "%s\n" , p); return 0; } |
strtol
函数名: strtol 功 能: 将串转换为长整数 用 法: long strtol ( char *str, char **endptr, int base); 程序例: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char *string = "87654321" , *endptr; long lnumber; /* strtol converts string to long integer */ lnumber = strtol (string, &endptr, 10); printf ( "string = %s long = %ld\n" , string, lnumber); return 0; } |
strupr
函数名:strupr 功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 用 法: char *strupr( char *str); 程序例: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main( void ) { char string[ ] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" , *ptr; //定义为数组才能修改 /* converts string to upper case characters */ ptr = strupr(string); printf ( "%s\n" , ptr); return 0; } |
swab
函数名: swab 功 能: 交换字节 用 法: void swab ( char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 程序例: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d" ; char target[15]; int main( void ) { swab(source, target, strlen (source)); printf ( "This is target: %s\n" , target); return 0; } |
以上都是些C中字符串的常用函数,非常实用,此处记录,方便以后温故:)