nginx反向代理和负载均衡

一、nginx匹配

1、level0，完全匹配，级别最高，使用=”，完全等于这个内容才能进入，如下：localhost:80/a进入index1，其他会进入index

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        #listen    443 ssl;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}

2、level1，模糊匹配，级别次低，使用“^~”，level0匹配不到会选择level1匹配，如下：localhost:80/a会访问index1，localhost:80/a/b会访问index3，localhost:80/a/c会访问index2，localhost:80/b会访问index

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        #listen    443 ssl;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
        location ^~ /a {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index2;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
        location ^~ /a/b {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index3;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}

 

 3、level2，正则匹配，级别较低，使用“~”，level0和level1都匹配不到选择level2匹配，\w+$是匹配任意个字母数字下划线，例如：localhost:80/ab123_1访问index2，localhost:80/b123_访问index4，正则多个匹配成功则按照顺序

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        #listen    443 ssl;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
        location ^~ /a {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index2;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
        location ^~ /a/b {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index3;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
        location ~ ^/\w+$ {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index3;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}

 

 

二、反向代理

1、反向代理 proxy_pass，访问localhost:80/a，满足server_name的localhost，监听的80端口，匹配到/a，会转到http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index1

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        server_name localhost;
        default_type text/html;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org:8080/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}

 

三、负载均衡

1、负载均衡服务器分配 upstream，假如有三个服务器192.168.100.1，192.168.100.2，192.168.100.3三个服务器，分发到这三个服务器上

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    upstream dev.mypro.org {
        server 192.168.100.1:8080/index;
        server 192.168.100.2:8080/index;
        server 192.168.100.3:8080/index;
    }
    
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        server_name localhost;
        default_type text/html;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org/index;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}

 

2、负载均衡权重 weight，按照权重分发请求到服务器，数值越大，权重越大，转发到这个服务器的概率就大

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    upstream dev.mypro.org {
        server 192.168.100.1:8080/index weight=1;
        server 192.168.100.2:8080/index weight=2;
        server 192.168.100.3:8080/index weight=2;
    }
    
    server {
        keepalive_requests    100;
        listen    80;
        server_name localhost;
        default_type text/html;
        location / {
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
　　        }
        location = /a {
            proxy_redirect off;    
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://dev.mypro.org/index1;
            proxy_read_timeout 350;
        }
    }       
}