prometheus SQL汇总

  导航:这里主要是列出一个prometheus一些系统的学习过程,最后按照章节顺序查看,由于写作该文档经历了不同时期,所以在文中有时出现

的云环境不统一,但是学习具体使用方法即可,在最后的篇章,有一个完整的腾讯云的实战案例。

  1.什么是prometheus?

  2.Prometheus安装

  3.Prometheus的Exporter详解

  4.Prometheus的PromQL

  5.Prometheus告警处理

  6.Prometheus的集群与高可用

  7.Prometheus服务发现

  8.kube-state-metrics 和 metrics-server

  9.监控kubernetes集群的方式

  10.prometheus operator

  11.Prometheus实战之联邦+高可用+持久

  12.Prometheus实战之配置汇总

  13.Grafana简单用法

  14.Grafana SQL汇总

  15.prometheus SQL汇总

  参考:

  https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#kubernetes_sd_config

  https://yunlzheng.gitbook.io/prometheus-book/part-iii-prometheus-shi-zhan/readmd/use-prometheus-monitor-kubernetes

  https://www.bookstack.cn/read/prometheus_practice/introduction-README.md

  https://www.kancloud.cn/huyipow/prometheus/521184

  https://www.qikqiak.com/k8s-book/docs/

 

  由于自己写一些prometheus sql告警规则会比较耗时,所以这里从腾讯云的云原生监控和prometheus operator中扒一些过来进行记录。

  (prometheus operator和云原生中的基本差不多)

  这里主要从腾讯云的云原生监控来获取,因为标签以及变量问题,该sql在联邦集群环境中需要调整才能使用。

 

1.Kubernetes节点

1.1 NodeFilesystemSpaceFillingUp

(
  node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 15
and
  predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
  node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/设备 {{ $labels.device }} 只剩下 {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%的可用空间

 

1.2 NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfSpace

(
  node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
  node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/设备 {{ $labels.device }} 只剩下 {{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%的可用空间

 

1.3 NodeFilesystemFilesFillingUp

(
  node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 20
and
  predict_linear(node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""}[6h], 4*60*60) < 0
and
  node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/设备 {{ $labels.device }} 只剩下{{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%的可用inode

 

1.4 NodeFilesystemAlmostOutOfFiles

(
  node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} * 100 < 3
and
  node_filesystem_readonly{job="node-exporter",fstype!=""} == 0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/设备 {{ $labels.device }} 只剩下{{ printf "%.2f" $value }}%的可用inode

 

1.5 NodeNetworkReceiveErrs

rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_receive_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01

  告警内容:在最近2分钟,集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 出现{{ printf "%.0f" $value }}接收错误

 

1.6 NodeNetworkTransmitErrs

rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01

  告警内容:在最近2分钟,集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}/网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 出现{{ printf "%.0f" $value }}发送错误

 

1.7 NodeHighNumberConntrackEntriesUsed

(node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit) > 0.75

  告警内容:{{ $value | humanizePercentage }} of conntrack entries are used.

 

1.8 NodeClockSkewDetected

(
  node_timex_offset_seconds > 0.05
and
  deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds[5m]) >= 0
)
or
(
  node_timex_offset_seconds < -0.05
and
  deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds[5m]) <= 0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster_id }}/node {{ $labels.instance }}的时钟漂移超过300秒, 请检查NTP是否正常配置

 

1.9 NodeClockNotSynchronising

min_over_time(node_timex_sync_status[5m]) == 0
and
node_timex_maxerror_seconds >= 16

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster_id }}/node {{ $labels.instance }} 时钟未同步, 请检查NTP是否正常配置

 

2.kubernetes工作负载

2.1 KubePodCrashLooping

rate(kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m]) * 60 * 5 > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}/容器 {{ $labels.container}} 最近5分钟重启{{ printf "%.2f" $value }}次

 

2.2 KubePodNotReady

sum by (cluster,namespace, pod) (
  max by(cluster,namespace, pod) (
    kube_pod_status_phase{job="kube-state-metrics", phase=~"Pending|Unknown"}
  ) * on(cluster,namespace, pod) group_left(owner_kind) topk by(cluster,namespace, pod) (
    1, max by(cluster,namespace, pod, owner_kind) (kube_pod_owner{owner_kind!="Job"})
  )
) > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}处于NotReady状态超过15分钟

 

2.3 KubeDeploymentGenerationMismatch

kube_deployment_status_observed_generation{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  !=
kube_deployment_metadata_generation{job="kube-state-metrics"}

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/deployment {{ $labels.deployment}}部署版本不符合预期,表示Deployment变更没有生效

 

2.4 KubeDeploymentReplicasMismatch

(
  kube_deployment_spec_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}
    !=
  kube_deployment_status_replicas_available{job="kube-state-metrics"}
) and (
  changes(kube_deployment_status_replicas_updated{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])
    ==
  0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/deployment {{ $labels.deployment }} 没有达到预期副本数超过15分钟

 

2.5 KubeStatefulSetReplicasMismatch

(
  kube_statefulset_status_replicas_ready{job="kube-state-metrics"}
    !=
  kube_statefulset_status_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}
) and (
  changes(kube_statefulset_status_replicas_updated{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])
    ==
  0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/statefulset {{ $labels.statefulset }} 没有达到预期副本数超过15分钟

 

2.6 KubeStatefulSetGenerationMismatch

kube_statefulset_status_observed_generation{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  !=
kube_statefulset_metadata_generation{job="kube-state-metrics"}

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/statefulset {{ $labels.statefulset}} 部署版本不符合预期,表示statefulset变更没有生效

 

2.7 KubeStatefulSetUpdateNotRolledOut

(
  max without (revision) (
    kube_statefulset_status_current_revision{job="kube-state-metrics"}
      unless
    kube_statefulset_status_update_revision{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  )
    *
  (
    kube_statefulset_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}
      !=
    kube_statefulset_status_replicas_updated{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  )
)  and (
  changes(kube_statefulset_status_replicas_updated{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])
    ==
  0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/statefulset {{ $labels.statefulset }} 部分Pod未更新

 

2.8 KubeDaemonSetRolloutStuck

(
  (
    kube_daemonset_status_current_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
     !=
    kube_daemonset_status_desired_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  ) or (
    kube_daemonset_status_number_misscheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
     !=
    0
  ) or (
    kube_daemonset_updated_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
     !=
    kube_daemonset_status_desired_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  ) or (
    kube_daemonset_status_number_available{job="kube-state-metrics"}
     !=
    kube_daemonset_status_desired_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  )
) and (
  changes(kube_daemonset_updated_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])
    ==
  0
)

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/daemonset {{ $labels.daemonset }} 变更卡了超过15分钟

 

2.9 KubeContainerWaiting

sum by (namespace, pod, container,cluster) (kube_pod_container_status_waiting_reason{job="kube-state-metrics"}) > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/pod {{ $labels.pod }}/container {{ $labels.container}} 处于Waiting状态超过1小时

 

2.10 KubeDaemonSetNotScheduled

kube_daemonset_status_desired_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  -
kube_daemonset_status_current_number_scheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"} > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/ namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/daemonset {{ $labels.daemonset}}  中 {{ $value }} 个 pod 没有被调度

 

2.11 KubeDaemonSetMisScheduled

kube_daemonset_status_number_misscheduled{job="kube-state-metrics"} > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/daemonset {{ $labels.daemonset}} 中 {{ $value }} 个 pod 错误调度到node上

 

2.12 KubeJobCompletion

kube_job_spec_completions{job="kube-state-metrics"} - kube_job_status_succeeded{job="kube-state-metrics"}  > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/job {{ $labels.job_name }} 运行超过12小时

 

2.13 KubeJobFailed

kube_job_failed{job="kube-state-metrics"}  > 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/job {{ $labels.job_name }} 执行失败

 

2.14 KubeHpaReplicasMismatch

(kube_hpa_status_desired_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  !=
kube_hpa_status_current_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"})
  and
changes(kube_hpa_status_current_replicas[15m]) == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/HPA {{ $labels.hpa }} 副本数和预期不一致超过15分钟

 

2.15 KubeHpaMaxedOut

kube_hpa_status_current_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}
  ==
kube_hpa_spec_max_replicas{job="kube-state-metrics"}

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/HPA {{ $labels.hpa }} 副本数达到最大值超过15m

 

3.Kubernetes资源

3.1 KubeCPUOvercommit

sum(namespace:kube_pod_container_resource_requests_cpu_cores:sum{})
  /
sum(kube_node_status_allocatable_cpu_cores)
  >
(count(kube_node_status_allocatable_cpu_cores)-1) / count(kube_node_status_allocatable_cpu_cores)

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}内Pod申请的CPU过载,当前CPU申请占比{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}

 

3.2 KubeMemoryOvercommit

sum(namespace:kube_pod_container_resource_requests_memory_bytes:sum{})
  /
sum(kube_node_status_allocatable_memory_bytes)
  >
(count(kube_node_status_allocatable_memory_bytes)-1)
  /
count(kube_node_status_allocatable_memory_bytes)

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}内Pod申请的内存过载,当前CPU申请占比{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}

 

3.3 KubeCPUQuotaOvercommit

sum(kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="hard", resource="cpu"})
  /
sum(kube_node_status_allocatable_cpu_cores)
  > 1.5

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}CPU Quota过载,已经超过可分配CPU资源的{{ $value }}倍

 

3.4 KubeMemoryQuotaOvercommit

sum(kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="hard", resource="memory"})
  /
sum(kube_node_status_allocatable_memory_bytes{job="node-exporter"})
  > 1.5

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}内存配额过载,已经超过可分配内存资源的{{ $value }}倍

 

3.5 KubeQuotaAlmostFull

kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="used"}
  / ignoring(instance, job, type)
(kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="hard"} > 0)
  > 0.9 < 1

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}中资源{{ $labels.resource }}使用率超过{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}

 

3.6 KubeQuotaExceeded

kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="used"}
  / ignoring(instance, job, type)
(kube_resourcequota{job="kube-state-metrics", type="hard"} > 0)
  > 1

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}中资源{{ $labels.resource }}使用率超过{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}

 

3.7 PodCPULimitRate

sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{job="cadvisor", image!="", container!="POD"}[1m])) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) / sum(kube_pod_container_resource_limits_cpu_cores) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) > 0.8

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}/container {{ $labels.container }}的CPU使用率(占limit)达{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}.

 

3.8 PodCPURequestRate

sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{job="cadvisor", image!="", container!="POD"}[1m])) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) / sum(kube_pod_container_resource_requests_cpu_cores) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) > 0.8

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}/container {{ $labels.container }}的CPU使用率(占request)达{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}.

 

3.9 PodMemoryLimitRate

sum(rate(container_memory_working_set_bytes{job="cadvisor", image!="", container!="POD"}[1m])) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) / sum(kube_pod_container_resource_limits_memory_bytes) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) > 0.8

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}/container {{ $labels.container }}的内存使用率(占limit)达{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}.

 

3.10 PodMemoryRequestRate

sum(rate(container_memory_working_set_bytes{job="cadvisor", image!="", container!="POD"}[1m])) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) / sum(kube_pod_container_resource_requests_memory_bytes) by (cluster, namespace, pod, container) > 0.8

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/Pod {{ $labels.pod }}/container{{ $labels.container }}的内存使用率(占request)达{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}.

 

4.Kubernetes存储

4.1 KubePersistentVolumeFillingUp

kubelet_volume_stats_available_bytes{job="kubelet"}
  /
kubelet_volume_stats_capacity_bytes{job="kubelet"}
  < 0.03

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/pvc {{ $labels.persistentvolumeclaim }}的存储空间只剩{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}可用

 

4.2 KubePersistentVolumeFillingUp

(
  kubelet_volume_stats_available_bytes{job="kubelet"}
    /
  kubelet_volume_stats_capacity_bytes{job="kubelet"}
) < 0.15
and
predict_linear(kubelet_volume_stats_available_bytes{job="kubelet"}[6h], 4 * 24 * 3600) < 0

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/namespace {{ $labels.namespace }}/pvc {{ $labels.persistentvolumeclaim }}的存储空间预计4后用尽,现在还有{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}可用

 

4.3 KubePersistentVolumeErrors

kube_persistentvolume_status_phase{phase=~"Failed|Pending",job="kube-state-metrics"} > 0

  告警内容:集群{{ $labels.cluster }}/pv {{ $labels.persistentvolume }}状态{{ $labels.phase }}

 

5.Kubernetes Master

5.1 KubeClientErrors

(sum(rate(rest_client_requests_total{code=~"5.."}[5m])) by (instance, job, cluster)
  /
sum(rate(rest_client_requests_total[5m])) by (instance, job, cluster))
> 0.01

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/任务 {{ $labels.job }}/实例 {{ $labels.instance}} 访问APIServer出现{{ $value | humanizePercentage }}的错误

 

5.2 KubeClientCertificateExpiration

apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_count{job="apiserver"} > 0 and on(cluster, job) histogram_quantile(0.01, sum by (cluster, job, le) (rate(apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{job="apiserver"}[5m]))) < 86400

  告警内容:访问集群{{ $labels.cluster }} apiserver的客户端证书将在24小时后过期。

 

5.3 KubeAPIDown

sum(up{job="kube-apiserver"}) by (cluster) == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }} 的kube-apiserver没有运行

 

5.4 KubeSchedulerDown

sum(up{job="kube-scheduler"}) by (cluster) == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }} 的kube-scheduler没有运行

 

5.5 KubeControllerManagerDown

sum(up{job="kube-controller-manager"}) by (cluster) == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }} 的kube-controller-manager没有运行

 

6.Kubernetes kubelet

6.1 KubeNodeNotReady

kube_node_status_condition{job="kube-state-metrics",condition="Ready",status="true"} == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.node }} not ready持续15分钟。

 

6.2 KubeletTooManyPods

count by(cluster,node) (
  (kube_pod_status_phase{job="kube-state-metrics",phase="Running"} == 1) * on(instance,pod,namespace,cluster) group_left(node) topk by(instance,pod,namespace,cluster) (1, kube_pod_info{job="kube-state-metrics"})
)
/
max by(cluster,node) (
  kube_node_status_capacity_pods{job="kube-state-metrics"} != 1
) > 0.95

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.node }} 运行pod量占容量的{{ $value | humanizePercentage}}

 

6.3 KubeletClientCertificateExpiration

kubelet_certificate_manager_client_ttl_seconds < 86400

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.node }}上kubelet客户端证书将在{{ $value | humanizeDuration }}后过期

 

6.4 KubeletServerCertificateExpiration

kubelet_certificate_manager_server_ttl_seconds < 86400

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }}/node {{ $labels.node }}上kubelet服务端证书将在{{ $value | humanizeDuration }}后过期

 

6.5 KubeletDown

sum(up{job="kubelet"}) by (cluster) == 0

  告警内容:集群 {{ $labels.cluster }} 的kubelet没有运行

 

7.参考

  以上告警规则参考腾讯云原生监控,当然,在prometheus-operator中也有很多默认规则可以参考,具体见以下链接:https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus/tree/main/manifests

posted @ 2021-11-21 22:03  小家电维修  阅读(3843)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报