django Form 表单 总结与小实例
开头寄语:
这几天一直在看Django的form表单验证,然后想对于这几天要有个总结。
- 首先,先来看一下找到的一个form表单验证的流程:
验证过程
流程详解
1. 函数full_clean()依次调用每个field的clean()函数,该函数针对field的max_length,unique等约束进行验证,如果验证成功则返回值,否则抛出ValidationError错误。如果有值返回,则放入form的cleaned_data字典中。
2. 如果每个field的内置clean()函数没有抛出ValidationError错误,则调用以clean_开头,以field名字结尾的自定义field验证函数。验证成功和失败的处理方式同步骤1。
3. 最后,调用form的clean()函数——注意,这里是form的clean(),而不是field的clean()——如果clean没有错误,那么它将返回cleaned_data字典。
4. 如果到这一步没有ValidationError抛出,那么cleaned_data字典就填满了有效数据。否则cleaned_data不存在,form的另外一个字典errors填上验证错误。在template中,每个field获取自己错误的方式是:{{ form.username.errors }}。
5. 最后,如果有错误is_valid()返回False,否则返回True。
注意一点:自定义验证机制时:clean()和clean_<field>&()的最后必须返回验证完毕或修改后的值.
- 补充小插曲
我们在写表单类的时候 一般也继承froms.Form,但是也见过继承ModleForm,应该来说继承那个都可以,个人认为继承ModleForm时,主要是再写表单类的时候方便些,比如通过如下方式写表单类
from app01.models import Moment from django import forms from django.forms import ModelForm class MomentForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Moment # Models类名称 fields = "__all__" # 导入所有的字段 # fields = ['content', 'user_name']
- 下面是自己写的一个小实例,内容包括 form表单验证与session
需求如下:
用户访问首页,在首页点击注册,对注册表单进行验证,登录成功后进入后台管理界面
表单类:
表单中包含input标签 select标签 checkbox标签 也定义了一些自定义的验证逻辑,这里也看了一些资料,我认为在定义clean_xx 函数时 最后要return 验证字段的值,而重写clean()方法时,最后要return clean_data。
# 注册页面手机号验证 def mobile_validate(value): mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$') value = str(value) if not mobile_re.match(value): raise forms.ValidationError('手机号码格式错误') class RegisterForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空', 'min_length': '最小长度为4', 'max_length': '最大长度为30'}, max_length=30, min_length=4, ) password = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'} ) password_again = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空',} ) email = forms.EmailField( required=False, error_messages={'invalid': '邮箱格式错误'} ) phone = forms.IntegerField(validators=[mobile_validate], error_messages={'required': '手机号不能为空', 'invalid': '必须输入数字'} ) roles = Role.objects.all().values_list('id', 'role_name') role = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '角色不能为空'}, widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=roles, attrs={'class': 'c1'})) marry_choice = ( ('0', '男'), ('1', '女'), ('2', '已婚'), ('3', '未婚'), ) marry = forms.MultipleChoiceField( error_messages={'required': '选择不能为空'}, choices=marry_choice, widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple()) favors = Favor.objects.all().values_list('id', 'favor_name') favor = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '爱好不能为空'}, widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=favors, attrs={'class': 'c1', 'multiple': 'multiple'})) code = forms.CharField( error_messages={'required': '验证码不能为空'} ) # 自定义验证 验证password def clean_password(self): cleaned_data = super(RegisterForm, self).clean() user_data = cleaned_data.get('password') if user_data == 'XXX': raise forms.ValidationError(u'密码太简单了') return user_data # 验证两次输入的密码是否一致 def clean_password_again(self): password = self.cleaned_data['password'] password_again = self.cleaned_data['password_again'] if password != password_again: raise forms.ValidationError('两次密码不一致') return password_again def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['role'] = forms.CharField( widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=Role.objects.all().values_list('id', 'role_name'), attrs={'class': 'c1'}) ) self.fields['favor'] = forms.CharField( widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=Favor.objects.all().values_list('id', 'favor_name'), attrs={'class': 'c1'}) ) # 验证选择婚姻是否正确 def clean_marry(self): data_list = self.cleaned_data['marry'] if len(data_list) == 2: if '0' and '1' in data_list: raise forms.ValidationError('男女选择有误!') elif '2' and '3' in data_list: raise forms.ValidationError('婚姻选择有误!') else: return data_list else: raise forms.ValidationError('请选择男女和婚姻!')
前段html
这里面 input标签 包括自己写的 也有 通过Django自动生成的。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>用户注册</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/statics/css/one.css"> </head> <body> <div class="register-page"> <div class="mid-css"> <form method="post" action="/register/"> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">用户名:</span> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"> <span class="error-info">{{ errors.username.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">密码:</span> <input type="text" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"> <span class="error-info">{{ errors.password.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">确认密码:</span> <input type="text" name="password_again" placeholder="请输入密码"> <span class="error-info">{{ errors.password_again.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">邮箱:</span> <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱"> <span class="error-info">{{ errors.email.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">手机号:</span> <input type="text" name="phone" placeholder="请输入手机号"> <span class="error-info">{{ errors.phone.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">角色:</span> {{ form.role }} <span class="error-info">{{ errors.role.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="favor-css ClearFloat"> <span class="favor-span">婚姻状况:</span> {{ form.marry }} <span class="error-info">{{ errors.marry.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">爱好:</span> {{ form.favor }} <span class="error-info">{{ errors.favor.0 }}</span> </div> <div class="commons-css"> <span class="register-span">验证码:</span> <input type="text" name="code" style="width: 150px"> <span class="span-code" onclick= "GetCode(this)" id="span">点击获取</span> {% if errors.code.0 %} <span class="error-info">{{ errors.code.0 }}</span> {% else %} <span class="error-info">{{ code_error.error_code_info }}</span> {% endif %} </div> <div class="register-submit"> <input type="button" value="重置"> <input type="submit" value="注册"> </div> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/statics/js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/statics/js/one.js"></script> </body> </html>
后台处理:
def register(request): if request.method == 'POST': register_obj = RegisterForm(request.POST) ret = register_obj.is_valid() if ret: input_code = register_obj.cleaned_data['code'] old_code = request.session['code'] if input_code.upper() == old_code.upper(): request.session['is_login'] = True print(register_obj.cleaned_data) return HttpResponseRedirect('/manager/') else: error_code_info = {'error_code_info': '验证码输入错误'} return render(request, 'forms/register.html', {'errors': register_obj.errors, 'code_error': error_code_info, 'form': register_obj}) else: return render(request, 'forms/register.html', {'errors': register_obj.errors, 'form': register_obj}) else: register_obj = RegisterForm() return render(request, 'forms/register.html', {'form': register_obj})
页面效果: