Appium的安装和使用
Appium
- 基于 WebDrive 协议的一个自动化测试框架,可以对 Android、iOS 以及混合开发的移动端应用进行自动化测试。
- 优势:可以使用 Python 、Ruby 、 Java 、 JavaScript、Php 、 C# 等语言进行开发。
- 劣势:Appium 在 Android 官方的自动化框架 UiAutomator 和 iOS 官方的 UiAutomation 上进行的封装,所以效率上没有直接使用官方的框架好。
- 目前已经有了 GUI 版本,环境配置更加方便和快速。
- 官网
安装
使用
配置
app 信息
- Package: com.xxx.xxx
- Launch Activity: com.xxx.xxx.ui.activity.WelcomeActivity
- Device Name:4d003d169c0c4037,可以通过 adb devices 命令查询到
- PlatformVersion:测试设备的 Android 版本号
脚本的编写(以 Java 为例,其他语言的 Api 类似)
定位
-
常用 Api 通过各种属性定位
-
在 Android 测试中,一般使用 findElementsById() 或者 findElementById() 方法就够了,假如需要定位的控件没有 id的话,可以让开发人员帮忙添加上。
-
T findElementById(String id)
-
T findElementByName(String using)
-
T findElementByClassName(String using)
-
T findElementByXPath(String using)
-
List
findElementsById(String id):通过 id 获取到定位 -
List
findElementsByName(String using):通过 name 获取到定位 -
List
findElementsByClassName(String using):通过类名获取到定位 -
List
findElementsByXPath(String using):通过 XPath 定位(定位比较准,不会存在歧义的一种定位方法,就是比较麻烦,万一客户端的布局文件进行了修改,XPath 需要重写)
示例
- driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@text='Add Contact']"))
- driver.findElementById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn");
- driver.findElement(By.id("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn"));
- driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn").get(0)
点击
- void click()
EditText 等控件输入文本
- void sendKeys(CharSequence... keysToSend)
滑动
-
swipe(int startx, int starty, int endx, int endy, int duration)
- startx:开始坐标 x
- starty:开始坐标 y
- endx:结束坐标 x
- endy:结束坐标 y
- duration:滑动持续时间
-
向左滑动,手机分辨率为1080P,即1920×1080,坐标可以写成从(900,500)滑动到(400,500)。(该写法为 Android 中的 sp ,针对兼容性问题,目前在 Android 使用的是 dp ,所以这里用 sp 的话,会在不同分辨率的机子上出现问题,因此针对不同的设备,在脚本运行前需要进行代码的检查和校验)
-
Android 坐标系
-
Android 坐标系是以 x 轴的正方向和 y 轴的下方向为坐标系,即数学中的第四象限
-
截图
X getScreenshotAs(OutputType outputType)
缩放
- 缩:
- void pinch(WebElement el)
- webElement:一般通过 findViewBy... 方法可以获取到 WebElement 的子类
- void pinch(int x, int y)
- (x,y):坐标
- void pinch(WebElement el)
- 放:
- void zoom(WebElement webElement):缩放每个控件
- webElement:一般通过 findViewBy... 方法可以获取到 WebElement 的子类
- void zoom(int x, int y):通过(x,y)坐标缩放
- (x,y):坐标
- void zoom(WebElement webElement):缩放每个控件
隐藏键盘
- void hideKeyboard()
获取和设置横竖屏
-
ScreenOrientation getOrientation():获取手机横竖屏信息
- 返回值是一个枚举类型,通过 value() 方法可以得到手机屏幕的横竖屏信息。
- landscape:横屏
- portrait:竖屏
-
void rotate(ScreenOrientation orientation):设置手机横竖屏
- orientation:枚举类型
- ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE
- ScreenOrientation.PORTRAIT
- orientation:枚举类型
等待时间
-
Thread.sleep(1000):当前线程睡眠时间
-
在一定时间内等待某个元素的出现
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() { @Override public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) { return d.findElement(By.id("com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout")); } });
-
等待某个元素的出现
private void waitForVisible(WebDriver driver, final By by, int waitTime) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, waitTime); for (int i = 0; i < waitTime; i++) { try { driver.findElement(by); break; } catch (Exception e) { driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } } wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(by)); }
判断某个元素是否显示在屏幕上
- boolean isDisplayed()
断言
-
断言,在 org.junit.Assert 包里,判断是否与预期结果一致。
-
void assertNull(Object object)
-
void assertNotNull(Object object)
-
void assertEquals(Object expected, Object actual)
应用工具类Api
-
app 是否安装:boolean isAppInstalled(String bundleId):
- bundleId:应用的包名
- 返回值:返回一个布尔值,true 表示已安装了该应用
-
安装 apk:void installApp(String appPath):
- appPath:apk路径
-
移出指定包名的app:void removeApp(String bundleId)
- bundleId:应用的包名
-
运行app:void launchApp()
-
关闭app:void closeApp()
-
app放到后台:void runAppInBackground(int seconds)
- seconds:后台放置时间
-
执行命令:Response execute(String command)
- command:命令
- 返回值是一个 Resonse,可以解析 Response 来判断是否执行成功。
代码示例
Java
package com.saucelabs.appium;
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class AndroidTest {
private AppiumDriver<WebElement> driver;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, "../../../apps/ApiDemos/bin");
File app = new File(appDir, "ApiDemos-debug.apk");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName","Android Emulator");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "4.4");
capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "io.appium.android.apis");
capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".ApiDemos");
driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.quit();
}
@Test
public void apiDemo(){
WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@text='Animation']"));
assertEquals("Animation", el.getText());
el = driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.TextView");
assertEquals("API Demos", el.getText());
el = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@text='App']"));
el.click();
List<WebElement> els = driver.findElementsByClassName("android.widget.TextView");
assertEquals("Activity", els.get(2).getText());
}
}
Python
import os
from time import sleep
import unittest
from appium import webdriver
# Returns abs path relative to this file and not cwd
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)
class SimpleAndroidTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
desired_caps = {}
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '4.2'
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'Android Emulator'
desired_caps['app'] = PATH(
'../../../sample-code/apps/ApiDemos/bin/ApiDemos-debug.apk'
)
self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)
def tearDown(self):
# end the session
self.driver.quit()
def test_find_elements(self):
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Graphics')
el.click()
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Arcs')
self.assertIsNotNone(el)
self.driver.back()
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("App")
self.assertIsNotNone(el)
els = self.driver.find_elements_by_android_uiautomator("new UiSelector().clickable(true)")
self.assertGreaterEqual(12, len(els))
self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('text("API Demos")')
def test_simple_actions(self):
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Graphics')
el.click()
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Arcs')
el.click()
self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().text("Graphics/Arcs")')
if __name__ == '__main__':
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SimpleAndroidTests)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
app 示例代码
测试环境下,app 登录,进入待办1000次,并截图
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidElement;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class RuixinTest {
private AppiumDriver<AndroidElement> driver;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
// set up appium
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, "apps");
File app = new File(appDir, "ruixin.apk");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "4d003d169c0c4037");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "5.0.1");
capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "com.xxx.xxx");
capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".ui.activity.WelcomeActivity");
driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.removeApp("com.xxx.xxx");
SessionId sessionId = driver.getSessionId();
sessionId = null;
driver.quit();
}
@Test
public void appLogin() {
waitForVisible(driver, By.id("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn"), 10);
if (driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn").get(0).isDisplayed()) {
AndroidElement userName = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_username_edit_text").get(0);
userName.sendKeys("lijingbo02");
AndroidElement password = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_password_edit_text").get(0);
password.click();
driver.hideKeyboard();
//判断登录框是否输入了
Assert.assertEquals("lijingbo02@cnpc.com.cn", userName.getText());
//等待2秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
password.click();
password.sendKeys("1");
//隐藏弹出的键盘
driver.hideKeyboard();
//判断输入的密码不为空
Assert.assertNotNull(password.getText());
//点击登录按钮
driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn").get(0).click();
//登录等待
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
task();
}
}
private void task() {
AndroidElement androidElement = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_apps").get(0);
driver.zoom(androidElement);
waitForVisible(driver, By.id("com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_msgs"), 10);
//跳转到应用页面
driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_apps").get(0).click();
//等待5秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//判断GridView是否显示
if (driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/application_grid_view").get(0).isDisplayed()) {
System.out.println("待办开始时间:" + getCurrentTime());
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
AndroidElement daibanElement = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/item_content_linear").get(0);
daibanElement.click();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
taskLogin(i);
}
System.out.println("待办结束时间:" + getCurrentTime());
}
}
boolean isFirst = true;
//待办登录
// @Test
public void taskLogin(int time) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (isFirst) {
AndroidElement userName = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_username_edit_text").get(0);
userName.sendKeys("yangjianfeng1");
driver.hideKeyboard();
Assert.assertEquals("yangjianfeng1", userName.getText());
//等待1秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
AndroidElement password = driver.findElementById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_password_edit_text");
if (password.getText().trim().equals("")) {
System.out.println("password为null");
password.click();
password.sendKeys("1");
//隐藏弹出的键盘
driver.hideKeyboard();
}
isFirst = false;
}
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//点击登录按钮
driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn").get(0).click();
System.out.println("第 " + time + " 次登录");
backTask(time);
}
//截图
public void getScreen(int time) {
String fileRoute = "/testing/screen/";
String picname = fileRoute + String.valueOf(time) + ".png";
File screen = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
System.out.println(picname);
File screenFile = new File(picname);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screen, screenFile);
System.out.println("第 " + time + " 截图");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//从待办列表返回
public void backTask(int time) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
List<AndroidElement> elementsById = driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout");
getScreen(time);
if (null != elementsById && elementsById.size() > 0) {
AndroidElement backButton = elementsById.get(0);
if (backButton.isDisplayed()) {
backButton.click();
}
//长时间操作,可能会出现无法获取到backButton的情况,做判断,list是否为null或者size为0;
} else if (null == elementsById || elementsById.size() == 0) {
//等待10秒,直到能找到backButton元素
getScreen(-1);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.findElement(By.id("com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout"));
}
});
driver.findElementsById("com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout").get(0).click();
}
}
private String getCurrentTime() {
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd:HH-mm-ss");
return df.format(new Date());
}
private void waitForVisible(WebDriver driver, final By by, int waitTime) {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, waitTime);
for (int i = 0; i < waitTime; i++) {
try {
driver.findElement(by);
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(by));
}
}