linux环境C语言实现：h264与pcm封装成AVI格式
前言
拖了很久的AVI音视频封装实例，花了一天时间终于调完了，兼容性不是太好，但作为参考学习使用应该没有问题。
RIFF和AVI以及WAV格式，可以参考前面的一些文章。这里详细介绍将一个H264视频流和一个2通道PCM音频流封装成一个AVI格式的视频文件。测试过可以在暴风，迅雷和VLC播放器上正常播放。
如果用第三方工具或是第三方库合成AVI文件，其实是很简单的事，这里不做介绍。如果是需要自己用代码合成AVI文件，我建议一般的步骤是：
- （1）将一个视频流封装成AVI文件
- （2）将一个视频流和一个音频流合成一个AVI文件
- （3）为AVI文件添加索引信息
之所以要分开来做，主要也是方便调试和定位，AVI的中文资料较少，而且它的参数也是比较的复杂。索引信息是为了视频播放时候的快进快退和拖动用的，如果没有这需求也可以不加。
在这里，我使用一个h264文件来模拟视频流，使用一个PCM文件来模拟音频流。视频流和音频流参数可以见下图：
h264媒体信息
PCM音频信息
完整工程文件目录如下：
biao@ubuntu:~/test/AVI_Create$ make clean
rm -f -f *.o test
biao@ubuntu:~/test/AVI_Create$ tree
.
├── avilib.c
├── avilib.h
├── File
│ ├── 2Channel_44100_16bit.pcm
│ ├── out.h264
│ ├── test.avi
│ └── test.h264
├── main.c
├── Makefile
├── MediaStream.c
└── MediaStream.h
1 directory, 10 files
biao@ubuntu:~/test/AVI_Create$
avilib是用来封装AVI格式，MediaStream用来模拟音视频数据流，main函数里做主要的控制。代码较多，先上main函数代码，完整的工程代码下面有下载链接。
/************************************************************
*FileName: main.h
*Date: 2018-07-15
*Author: Wen Lee
*Version: V1.0
*Description:
*Others:
*History:
***********************************************************/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "avilib.h"
#include "MediaStream.h"
#define WRITE_FILE_NAME "./File/out.h264"
#define WRITE_AVI_NAME "./File/test.avi"
#define AVI_VIDEO_FLAG "00dc"
#define AVI_AUDIO_FLAG "01wb"
static FILE *g_out_h264_fd = NULL;
static FILE *g_out_avi_fd = NULL;
int CreatOuth264File(void)
{
g_out_h264_fd = fopen(WRITE_FILE_NAME,"w+");
if(NULL==g_out_h264_fd)
{
printf("%s %d fopen error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int CreatAVIFile(void)
{
g_out_avi_fd = fopen(WRITE_AVI_NAME,"w+");
if(NULL==g_out_avi_fd)
{
printf("%s %d fopen error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*************************************************
Function: ExportCalcAlign
Description: Data alignment
Input: u32Data, u8Align
OutPut:
Return: Aligned data
Others:
Author: Caibiao Lee
Date: 2018-03-06
*********************************************************/
unsigned int AVICalcAlign(unsigned int u32Data,unsigned char u8Align)
{
return ((u32Data + u8Align - 1) & (~(u8Align - 1)));
}
/********************************************************
Function: TestH264ReadAndWrite
Description:将h264文件一帧一帧的读取出来，
然后再一帧一帧的把数据写入到另外一文件
用来测试模拟的视频流是否正确
Input: None
OutPut: None
Return: 0: success，none 0:error
Others:
Author: Wen Lee
Date: 2018.07.15
*********************************************************/
int TestH264ReadAndWrite(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
int l_DateLen = 0;
NALU_S * l_pstNalu = NULL;
/**创建h264输出文件**/
l_s32Ret = CreatOuth264File();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
return -1;
}
/**初始化视频流数据**/
l_pstNalu = InitVideoStream(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL == l_pstNalu)
{
return -1;
}
/**读取写入整个文件**/
while(1)
{
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameVideo(l_pstNalu);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_pstNalu->buf,1,l_DateLen,g_out_h264_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_DateLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
}else
{
break;
}
}
/**关闭视频流文件**/
CloseVideoStream(l_pstNalu);
fclose(g_out_h264_fd);
return 0;
}
/********************************************************
Function: TestH264ToAVI
Description:AVI文件里只封装视频文件
Input: None
OutPut: None
Return: 0: success，none 0:error
Others:
Author: Caibiao Lee
Date: 2017-12-14
*********************************************************/
int TestH264ToAVI(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
int l_DateLen = 0;
int l_u32WriteLen = 0;
unsigned int l_u32MoviLen = 0;
unsigned int l_u32AVIWriteLen = 0;
AVI_PARA_S stPara;
NALU_S * l_pstNalu = NULL;
unsigned char *l_pu8Buff = NULL;
/**创建AVI文件**/
l_s32Ret = CreatAVIFile();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
return -1;
}
/**初始化视频流数据**/
l_pstNalu = InitVideoStream(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL == l_pstNalu)
{
return -1;
}
/**视频参数**/
stPara.bVenc = true;
stPara.u32Width = 640;
stPara.u32Height = 360;
stPara.u32Gop = 90;
stPara.u64fps = 25;
stPara.pCompressor = "h264";
/**音频参数**/
stPara.bAenc = false; //不使用音频
stPara.u32Format = 1;
stPara.u32Rate = 8000;
stPara.u32Bits = 16;
stPara.u32Mp3Rate = 0;
/**设置是否使用索引**/
stPara.s8HasIndex = 0;
/**初始化AVI文件头结构**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
l_pu8Buff = (unsigned char*)malloc(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL==l_pu8Buff)
{
printf("%s %d malloc error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameVideo(l_pstNalu);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
/**设置视频标签**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff,AVI_VIDEO_FLAG,4);
/**数据对齐**/
l_u32WriteLen = AVICalcAlign(l_DateLen,4);
/**设置长度**/
l_pu8Buff[4] = (l_u32WriteLen)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[5] = (l_u32WriteLen>> 8)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[6] = (l_u32WriteLen>>16)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[7] = (l_u32WriteLen>>24)&0xff;
/**实际应该写入的长度**/
l_u32WriteLen += 8 ; /**4ByteFlag + 4ByteLen**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff + 8,l_pstNalu->buf,l_DateLen);
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_pu8Buff,1,l_u32WriteLen,g_out_avi_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_u32WriteLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
l_u32MoviLen +=l_u32WriteLen;
}
else
{
break ;
}
}
/**更新AVI文件头结构中的长度值**/
l_u32AVIWriteLen = ftell(g_out_avi_fd);
/**RIFF文件中的度**/
stPara.u32AviLen = l_u32AVIWriteLen - 8; /**4ByteRIFF + 4ByteLen**/
/**movi块的长度**/
stPara.u32MoviLen = l_u32MoviLen;
/**写入到头文件中**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
return 0;
}
/********************************************************
Function: TestH264AndPCMToAVI
Description:将h264视频流和PCM音频流封装到AVI文件中
Input: None
OutPut: None
Return: 0: success，none 0:error
Others: 测试使用的音频是2Channel_44100_16bit.pcm
音频采样率 = 44100，采样通道 = 2，位深度 = 16
假设采样间隔 = 20ms，也就是每秒采集50次
一秒钟总的数据量 = 44100 * 2*16/8 = 176400 字节
所以每帧音频数据大小 = 176400/50 = 3528 字节
视频帧率是25 音频率是50，模拟媒体流时间不准确，
所以使用存一帧视频再存两帧音频使音视频同步
Author: Wen Lee
Date: 2018-07-20
*********************************************************/
int TestH264AndPCMToAVI(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
int l_DateLen = 0;
int l_u32WriteLen = 0;
int l_u32AudioLen = 0;
unsigned int l_u32AVIWriteLen = 0;
AVI_PARA_S stPara;
NALU_S * l_pstNalu = NULL;
unsigned char *l_pu8Buff = NULL;
unsigned char l_arru8Audio[1024*4] = {0};
AVI_INDEX_ENTRY_S l_stIndexEntry;
/**创建AVI文件**/
l_s32Ret = CreatAVIFile();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
return -1;
}
/**初始化视频流数据**/
l_pstNalu = InitVideoStream(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL == l_pstNalu)
{
return -1;
}
/**打开音频流**/
l_s32Ret = InitAudioStream();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
return -1;
}
/**视频参数**/
stPara.bVenc = true;
stPara.u32Width = 640;
stPara.u32Height = 360;
stPara.u32Gop = 90;
stPara.u64fps = 25;
stPara.pCompressor = "h264";
/**音频参数**/
stPara.bAenc = true; //不使用音频
stPara.u32Format = 1;
stPara.u32Rate = 44100;
stPara.u32Channels = 2;
stPara.u32Bits = 16;
stPara.u32Mp3Rate = 0;
stPara.u32AVChanNum = 2;
/**设置是否使用索引**/
stPara.s8HasIndex = 0;
/**初始化AVI文件头结构**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
l_pu8Buff = (unsigned char*)malloc(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL==l_pu8Buff)
{
printf("%s %d malloc error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
/**读一帧视频数据**/
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameVideo(l_pstNalu);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
/**设置视频标签**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff,AVI_VIDEO_FLAG,4);
/**数据对齐**/
l_u32WriteLen = AVICalcAlign(l_DateLen,4);
/**设置长度**/
l_pu8Buff[4] = (l_u32WriteLen)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[5] = (l_u32WriteLen>> 8)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[6] = (l_u32WriteLen>>16)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[7] = (l_u32WriteLen>>24)&0xff;
/**实际应该写入的长度**/
l_u32WriteLen += 8 ; /**4ByteFlag + 4ByteLen**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff + 8,l_pstNalu->buf,l_DateLen);
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_pu8Buff,1,l_u32WriteLen,g_out_avi_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_u32WriteLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
}
else
{
break ;
}
/**读两帧音频数据**/
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
l_u32AudioLen = 3528;
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameAudio(&l_arru8Audio[8],l_u32AudioLen);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
/**设置视频标签**/
memcpy(l_arru8Audio,AVI_AUDIO_FLAG,4);
/**数据对齐**/
l_u32AudioLen = AVICalcAlign(l_DateLen,4);
/**设置长度**/
l_arru8Audio[4] = (l_u32AudioLen)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[5] = (l_u32AudioLen>> 8)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[6] = (l_u32AudioLen>>16)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[7] = (l_u32AudioLen>>24)&0xff;
l_u32AudioLen += 8;
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8Audio,1,l_u32AudioLen,g_out_avi_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_u32AudioLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
}
}
}
/**更新AVI文件头结构中的长度值**/
l_u32AVIWriteLen = ftell(g_out_avi_fd);
stPara.u32MoviLen = l_u32AVIWriteLen;
/**RIFF文件中的度**/
stPara.u32AviLen = l_u32AVIWriteLen - 8; /**4ByteRIFF + 4ByteLen**/
/**写入到头文件中**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
CloseVideoStream(l_pstNalu);
CloseAudioStream();
return 0;
}
/********************************************************
Function: TestH264AndPCMToAVI
Description:合成音频视频流，同时添加索引表
Input: None
OutPut: None
Return: 0: success，none 0:error
Others: 在TestH264AndPCMToAVI的基础上添加索引表
Author: Wen Lee
Date: 2018-07-20
*********************************************************/
int TestAVIIndex(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
int l_DateLen = 0;
int l_u32WriteLen = 0;
int l_u32AudioLen = 0;
unsigned int l_u32AVIWriteLen = 0;
AVI_PARA_S stPara;
NALU_S * l_pstNalu = NULL;
unsigned char *l_pu8Buff = NULL;
unsigned char l_arru8Audio[1024*4] = {0};
AVI_INDEX_ENTRY_S l_stIndexEntry;
WRITE_AVI_INDEX_S *pstWriteAviIndex;
/**创建AVI文件**/
l_s32Ret = CreatAVIFile();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
printf("%s %d init error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
/**初始化视频流数据**/
l_pstNalu = InitVideoStream(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL == l_pstNalu)
{
printf("%s %d init error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
/**打开音频流**/
l_s32Ret = InitAudioStream();
if(0!=l_s32Ret)
{
printf("%s %d init error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
/**为索引表分配空间**/
pstWriteAviIndex = (WRITE_AVI_INDEX_S *)malloc(sizeof(WRITE_AVI_INDEX_S));
if(NULL==pstWriteAviIndex)
{
printf("%s %d malloc error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
/**视频参数**/
stPara.bVenc = true;
stPara.u32Width = 640;
stPara.u32Height = 360;
stPara.u32Gop = 90;
stPara.u64fps = 25;
stPara.pCompressor = "h264";
/**音频参数**/
stPara.bAenc = true; //不使用音频
stPara.u32Format = 1;
stPara.u32Rate = 44100;
stPara.u32Channels = 2;
stPara.u32Bits = 16;
stPara.u32Mp3Rate = 0;
stPara.u32AVChanNum = 2;
/**!!设置是否使用索引 !!**/
stPara.s8HasIndex = 1;
/**初始化AVI文件头结构**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
l_pu8Buff = (unsigned char*)malloc(MAX_VIDEO_SIZE);
if(NULL==l_pu8Buff)
{
printf("%s %d malloc error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
/**读一帧视频数据**/
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameVideo(l_pstNalu);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
/**设置视频标签**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff,AVI_VIDEO_FLAG,4);
/**数据对齐**/
l_u32WriteLen = AVICalcAlign(l_DateLen,4);
/**设置长度**/
l_pu8Buff[4] = (l_u32WriteLen)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[5] = (l_u32WriteLen>> 8)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[6] = (l_u32WriteLen>>16)&0xff;
l_pu8Buff[7] = (l_u32WriteLen>>24)&0xff;
/**实际应该写入的长度**/
l_u32WriteLen += 8 ; /**4ByteFlag + 4ByteLen**/
memcpy(l_pu8Buff + 8,l_pstNalu->buf,l_DateLen);
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_pu8Buff,1,l_u32WriteLen,g_out_avi_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_u32WriteLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
l_stIndexEntry.u32Flags = 0x00;
/**判断是否为关键帧 关键帧为0x10 其它为0x00 **/
if((0==l_pu8Buff[8])&&(0==l_pu8Buff[9])&&(1==l_pu8Buff[10])&&(0x05==(l_pu8Buff[11]&0x1F)))
{
l_stIndexEntry.u32Flags = 0x10;
}
if((0==l_pu8Buff[8])&&(0==l_pu8Buff[9])&&(0==l_pu8Buff[10])&&(1==l_pu8Buff[11])
&&(0x05==(l_pu8Buff[12]&0x1F)))
{
l_stIndexEntry.u32Flags = 0x10;
}
l_stIndexEntry.u32ChunkId = 0x63643030; /**'00dc'**/
l_stIndexEntry.u32Size = l_u32WriteLen - 8;
RIFF_WriteAviIndex(l_stIndexEntry,pstWriteAviIndex);
}
else
{
break ;
}
/**读两帧音频数据**/
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
l_u32AudioLen = 3528;
l_DateLen = ReadOneFrameAudio(&l_arru8Audio[8],l_u32AudioLen);
if(l_DateLen > 0)
{
/**设置视频标签**/
memcpy(l_arru8Audio,AVI_AUDIO_FLAG,4);
/**数据对齐**/
l_u32AudioLen = AVICalcAlign(l_DateLen,4);
/**设置长度**/
l_arru8Audio[4] = (l_u32AudioLen)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[5] = (l_u32AudioLen>> 8)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[6] = (l_u32AudioLen>>16)&0xff;
l_arru8Audio[7] = (l_u32AudioLen>>24)&0xff;
l_u32AudioLen += 8;
l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8Audio,1,l_u32AudioLen,g_out_avi_fd);
if(l_s32Ret!=l_u32AudioLen)
{
printf("%s %d write file error \n",__FILE__,__LINE__);
}
l_stIndexEntry.u32ChunkId = 0x64773130; /**'01wd'**/
l_stIndexEntry.u32Flags = 0x00;
l_stIndexEntry.u32Size = l_u32AudioLen - 8;
RIFF_WriteAviIndex(l_stIndexEntry,pstWriteAviIndex);
}
}
}
/**更新AVI文件头结构中的长度值**/
l_u32AVIWriteLen = ftell(g_out_avi_fd);
stPara.u32MoviLen = l_u32AVIWriteLen;
/**写索引表到AVI文件中去***/
RIFF_WriteAviIndexToFile(pstWriteAviIndex,g_out_avi_fd);
/**更新AVI文件头结构中的长度值**/
l_u32AVIWriteLen = ftell(g_out_avi_fd);
/**RIFF文件中的度**/
stPara.u32AviLen = l_u32AVIWriteLen - 8; /**4ByteRIFF + 4ByteLen**/
/**写入到头文件中**/
RIFF_WriteAviHeader(stPara,g_out_avi_fd);
/**关闭资源**/
CloseVideoStream(l_pstNalu);
CloseAudioStream();
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
int l_s32Ret = 0;
printf("Hello World \n");
/**h246文件测试**/
//l_s32Ret = TestH264ReadAndWrite();
/**只封装视频数据*/
//l_s32Ret = TestH264ToAVI();
/**同时封装音频和视频数据**/
//l_s32Ret = TestH264AndPCMToAVI();
/**添加索引**/
l_s32Ret = TestAVIIndex();
return 0;
}
编译运行最后生成test.avi文件，使用暴风播放器播放效果如下：
工程下载：
在 liwen01 公众号中回复 音视频 获取工程代码，本章代码工程名为：AVI_Create.tar.gz
