Python学习笔记整理总结【Django】:Form组件

 Form组件 

Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能:
                  --生成HTML标签
                  --验证用户数据(显示错误信息)
                  --HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
                  --初始化页面显示内容

1、内置字段(用于保存正则表达式-->对用户请求数据的验证)

Field
    required=True,               是否允许为空
    widget=None,                 HTML插件
    label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容
    initial=None,                初始值
    help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
    error_messages=None,         *错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
    show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直)
    validators=[],               *自定义验证规则 下面有介绍具体用法
    localize=False,              是否支持本地化
    disabled=False,              是否可以编辑
    label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀
 
*注:继承field的字段  field里面的参数都可以用
 
CharField(Field)                 
    max_length=None,             最大长度
    min_length=None,             最小长度
    strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白
 
IntegerField(Field)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
 
FloatField(IntegerField)
    ...
 
DecimalField(IntegerField)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
    max_digits=None,             总长度
    decimal_places=None,         小数位长度
 
BaseTemporalField(Field)
    input_formats=None          时间格式化   
 
DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式:2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式:11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12
 
DurationField(Field)            时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f
    ...
 
RegexField(CharField)           *等同于CharField加上validators
    regex,                      自定制正则表达式
    max_length=None,            最大长度
    min_length=None,            最小长度
    error_message=None,         忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
 
EmailField(CharField)      
    ...
 
FileField(Field)
    allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件 *上传文件
 
ImageField(FileField)      
    ...
    注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow
    以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点:
        - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
        - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
 
URLField(Field)
    ...
 
 
BooleanField(Field)  
    ...
 
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
    ...
 
*ChoiceField(Field)            *单选下拉框
    ...
    choices=(),                选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
    required=True,             是否必填
    widget=None,               插件,默认select插件
    label=None,                Label内容
    initial=None,              初始值
    help_text='',              帮助提示
 
 
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)  *多选下拉框
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
    queryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据
    empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容
    to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段
    limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
     
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
 
 
     
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...
 
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
ComboField(Field)
    fields=()                  使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式
                               fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
 
MultiValueField(Field)         *被继承
    PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用
 
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)    *一下生成三个输入框
    input_date_formats=None,   格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
    input_time_formats=None    格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
 
FilePathField(ChoiceField)     *文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中 提交时是文件路径
    path,                      文件夹路径
    match=None,                正则匹配
    recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹
    allow_files=True,          允许文件
    allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹
    required=True,
    widget=None,
    label=None,
    initial=None,
    help_text=''
 
GenericIPAddressField
    protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
    unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用
 
SlugField(CharField)           数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符)
    ...
 
UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型
    ...
#内置字段

2、内置插件(用于自动生成HTML-->保留上次输入内容)
除了choice都是form写好的正则表达式

* 插件用于生成HTML,所有的插件都可以用attrs={'class':'c1'}创建默认值

TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget
#内置插件

3、常用选择插件

<strong># 单radio,值为字符串</strong>
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
  
<strong># 单radio,值为字符串</strong>
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
  
<strong># 单select,值为字符串</strong>
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
  
<strong># 单select,值为字符串</strong>
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select
# )
  
<strong># 多选select,值为列表</strong>
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
#     initial=[1,],
#     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
  
<strong># 单checkbox</strong>
# user = fields.CharField(
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
  
<strong># 多选checkbox,值为列表</strong>
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     initial=[2, ],
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )
#常用选择插件

 4、表单验证(验证;保留上次内容)

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app02',
]
settings.py
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^f1.html$', v2.f1),
]
#urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse


from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class F1Form(forms.Form):
    # 跟表单提交的name值一一对应进行验证
    user = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'})
    pwd = forms.CharField(
        max_length=12,
        min_length=6,
        error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空','min_length':'密码长度不能小于6位',
                        'max_length': '密码长度不能大于12位'}
    )
    email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空','invalid':'邮箱格式不正确'})


def f1(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = F1Form()
        return render(request,'f1.html',{'obj':obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # 获取用户所有数据
        # 每条数据请求的验证
        # 成功:获取所有的正确的信息
        # 失败:显示错误信息
        obj = F1Form(request.POST)
        result = obj.is_valid()             # 进行验证 True/False
        if result:
            print(obj.cleaned_data)         # 用户提交的正确信息
        else:
            print(obj.errors.as_json)       # 所有错误信息 obj.errors
            return render(request, 'f1.html',{'obj':obj})    # 传入obj
#views.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="fm" action="/f1.html" method="POST" novalidate >
        <p>用户:{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>     {# 一个输入项可能包含多种格式错误,去第一个.0 #}
        <p>密码:{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
        <p>邮箱:{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>
#f1.html

5、初始默认显示数据(示例)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/add_user/" method="post" novalidate>
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>
add_user.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/edit_user-{{ nid }}/" method="POST" novalidate>
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>
edit_user.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/add_user/">添加</a>
    <ul>
        {% for row in user_list %}
            <li>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.username }}-{{ row.email }} <a href="/edit_user-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>
users.html
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01',
]
settings.py
from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
models.py
from django import forms as dforms
from django.forms import fields


class UserForm(dforms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField()
    email = fields.EmailField()
    
forms.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^users$/', views.users),     
    url(r'^add_user$/', views.add_user),
    url(r'^edit_user-(\d+)$/', views.edit_user),
]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from app01 import models

def users(request):
    user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    return render(request,'users.html',{'user_list':user_list})

    
from app01.forms import UserForm

def add_user(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        obj = UserForm()
        return render(request,'add_user.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        obj = UserForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) #cleaned_data(字典格式)创建
            return redirect('/users/')
        else:
            return render(request,'add_user.html',{'obj':obj})

            
def edit_user(request,nid):
    if request.method == "GET":
        data = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()    #根据id来获取当前的id的默认显示内容
        obj = UserForm({'username':data.username,'email':data.email})
        return render(request,'edit_user.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})
    else:
        obj = UserForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data) #cleaned_data(字典格式)更新
            return redirect('/users/')
        else:
            return render(request,'edit_user.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
views.py

6、动态Select数据源实时更新(示例)
在使用选择标签时,需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取,但是由于是静态字段(类变量) ***获取的值无法实时更新***,那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。

方法一:(推荐使用)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>23435</h1>
    <p>价格:{{ obj.price }}</p>
    <p>姓名{{ obj.user_id }}</p>
    <p>姓名{{ obj.user_id2 }}</p>
</body>
</html>
love.html
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01',
]
settings.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets

from app01 import models
from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
        widget=widgets.Select()
        #widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}),      # 定制样式: 变成长框输入,添加样式class=c1
    )

    user_id2 = ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=models.UserInfo.objects.all(),
        to_field_name='id'
    )

    #自定义构造方法,实时刷新页面数据
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        # 拷贝所有的静态字段,复制给self.fields
        super(LoveForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        self.fields['user_id'].widget.choices = models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('id', 'username')
        self.fields['user_id2'].widget.choices = models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('id', 'username')


def love(request):
    obj = LoveForm()
    return render(request,'love.html',{'obj':obj})
views.py
from django.db import models
 
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
models.py

方法二:(不推荐)

使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipChoiceField字段来实现
(这种django内置的方法不推荐使用,如果要在前端显示数据库中的用户名,需要依赖models中的__str__方法,而且一个class中只有一个__str__, 如果在有的场景中需要同时显示如id user, age等多个字段名时,这个方法就做不到)

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]
urls.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>有缘千里来相会</h1>
    <p>价格:{{ obj.price }}</p>
    <p>姑娘:{{ obj.user_id2 }}</p>
</body>
</html>
test.html
from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField
 
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
 
    user_id2 = ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=models.UserInfo.objects.all(),
        to_field_name='id'
    )
views.py
from django.db import models
 
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username
 
# 注意:依赖models中的str方法
models.py

7、Ajax提交验证(验证;无需上次内容)
  ①返回HttpResponse
  ②前端:跳转或错误信息
如果想要ajax提交数据到django后台,对页面进行跳转,需要在ajax 中进行跳转,在后台进行跳转不生效.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="fm">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>用户:<input type="text" name="username"/></p>
        <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"/></p>
        <p><input type="button" id="btn" value="Ajax提交"></p>
    </form>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $('#btn').click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/login/',
                    type:'POST',
                    data:$('#fm').serialize(),
                    success:function (arg) {
                        console.log(arg)
                        arg = JSON.parse(arg)
                        console.log(arg)
                        console.log(arg['error']['username'][0])
                    },error:function () {

                    }
                })

            })
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>
login.html
import json
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        data = {'status':True,'error':None,'data':None}
        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
        result = obj.is_valid()
        if result:
            print(obj.cleaned_data)
        else:
            from django.forms.utils import  ErrorDict
            print(type(obj.errors))   #整体的错误信息打印
            # < class 'django.forms.utils.ErrorDict'>
            data['error'] = obj.errors
 
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))    # 传入obj
views.py
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models

class LoginForm(forms.Form):

    username = fields.CharField()
    password = fields.CharField(
        max_length=20,
        min_length=12,
    )
forms.py
import json
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, field):
        if isinstance(field, ValidationError):
            return {'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, field)
 
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
    ---snip---
        else:
            print(type(obj.errors.as_data()))   #as_data虽然变成了字典,但是也不能直接dump
            # <class 'dict'>
            print(obj.errors.as_data())         #里面包含了ValidationError类型序列化会报错
            # 'password': [ValidationError(['This field is required.'])], 'username': [
            #     ValidationError(['This field is required.'])]}
            data['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()
            data = json.dumps(data, cls=JsonCustomEncoder)   #自定义JsonCustomEncoder方法序列化
 
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))    # 传入
views_as_data().py
import json
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
    ---snip---
        else:
            print(type(obj.errors.as_json()))   #整体的错误信息打印
            # <class 'str'>
            data['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()    #把ErrorDict格式的obj.error转换为字符串格式
 
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))    # 传入
views_as_json().py
浏览器:
{"data": null, "status": true, "error": {"password": ["This field is required."],
"username": ["This field is required."]}}
Object {data: null, status: true, error: Object}data: nullerror: Objectstatus: true__proto__: Object
 This field is required.
error.py
@html_safe
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class ErrorDict(dict):
    """
    A collection of errors that knows how to display itself in various formats.

    The dictionary keys are the field names, and the values are the errors.
    """
    def as_data(self):
        return {f: e.as_data() for f, e in self.items()}

    def as_json(self, escape_html=False):
        return json.dumps({f: e.get_json_data(escape_html) for f, e in self.items()})

    def as_ul(self):
        if not self:
            return ''
        return format_html(
            '<ul class="errorlist">{}</ul>',
            format_html_join('', '<li>{}{}</li>', ((k, force_text(v)) for k, v in self.items()))
        )

    def as_text(self):
        output = []
        for field, errors in self.items():
            output.append('* %s' % field)
            output.append('\n'.join('  * %s' % e for e in errors))
        return '\n'.join(output)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.as_ul()
ErrorDict.txt

 ErrorDict不是Dict的格式,无法用json.dumps进行序列化。

①用as_json()把ErrorDict转换为字符串然后传入data字典

#处理文件:
import json
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
    ---snip---
        else:
            print(type(obj.errors.as_json()))   #整体的错误信息打印
            # <class 'str'>
            data['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()    #把ErrorDict格式的obj.error转换为字符串格式
 
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))    # 传入
    
    
#浏览器打印:
{"status": true, "data": null, "error": "{\"username\": [{\"code\": \"required\", \"message\": \"This field is required.\"}], \"password\": [{\"code\": \"required\", \"message\": \"This field is required.\"}]}"}
Object {status: true, data: null, error: "{"username": [{"code": "required", "message": "Thi…equired", "message": "This field is required."}]}"}
   data: null
   error: "{"username": [{"code": "required", "message": "This field is required."}], "password": [{"code": "required", "message": "This field is required."}]}"
   status: true    
    
#从上面可看到error打印出来的格式还是字符串,由于之前用as_json进行过一次序列化,json.dumps后又进行一次序列化;进行了两次序列化,所以反序列化时也需要两次    
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②用as_data()通过自定制json方法进行序列化

#处理文件:
import json
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, field):
        if isinstance(field, ValidationError):
            return {'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, field)
 
from app01.forms import LoginForm
def login(request):
    ---snip---
        else:
            print(type(obj.errors.as_data()))   #as_data虽然变成了字典,但是也不能直接dump
            # <class 'dict'>
            print(obj.errors.as_data())         #里面包含了ValidationError类型序列化会报错
            # 'password': [ValidationError(['This field is required.'])], 'username': [
            #     ValidationError(['This field is required.'])]}
            data['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()
            data = json.dumps(data, cls=JsonCustomEncoder)   #自定义JsonCustomEncoder方法序列化
 
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))    # 传入

#补充:由于json.dumps时无法处理datetime日期,所以可以通过自定义处理器来做扩展,如:

#json自定制序列化方法
import json
from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime

class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, field):

        if isinstance(field, datetime):
            return field.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        elif isinstance(field, date):
            return field.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, field)
v = {'k':123,'k1':datetime.now()}
ds = json.dumps(v, cls=JsonCustomEncoder)
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③serializers对QuerySet类型数据序列化

from app01 import models
from django.core import serializers
def index(request):
    v = models.User.objects.all()       #QuerySet类型
    # print(v)
    # <QuerySet[{'pwd': '123', 'user': 'root'}]>
    # json.dumps(v)                 #直接dumps会报错
    data = serializers.serialize("json", v)     #serializers方法
    print(type(data))
    # [{"model": "app01.user", "pk": 1, "fields": {"user": "root", "pwd": "123"}},]
    # < class 'str'>                    #类型
    return HttpResponse('OK')
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④QuerySet类型列表、字典序列化

from app01 import models
def index(request):
    v = models.User.objects.values_list('user','pwd')       #QuerySet类型
    print(v)
    # < QuerySet[('root', '123')] >
    # json.dumps(v)                 #直接dumps会报错
    data = list(v)
    json.dumps(data)
 
    return HttpResponse('OK')



#如果values()取出来的值包含时间类型或其他,则依然不能进行dumps,需要跟之前自定制序列化方法结合起来使用
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#Form组件扩展
①简单扩展(利用Form组件自带的正则扩展:)
a. 方式一

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
               
class MyForm(Form):
      user = fields.CharField(
        error_messages={'invalid': '...'},  #错误提示
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator
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b. 方式二

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                  
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.RegexField(r'^[0-9]+$',error_messages={'invalid': '...'})
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②基于源码流程
a. 单字段

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
    )
# 自定义方法 clean_字段名
# 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
# 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
def clean_username(self):
    v = self.cleaned_data['username']
    if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
        # 整体错了
        # 自己详细错误信息
        raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
    return v
def clean_user_id(self):
    return self.cleaned_data['user_id']    
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b. 整体错误验证

class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
    )
    # 自定义方法 clean_字段名
    # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
    # 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
    def clean_username(self):
        v = self.cleaned_data['username']
        if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
            # 整体错了
            # 自己详细错误信息
            raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
        return v
    def clean_user_id(self):
        return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
 
    def clean(self):
        value_dict = self.cleaned_data
        v1 = value_dict.get('username')
        v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
        if v1 == 'root' and v2==1:
            raise ValidationError('整体错误信息')
        return self.cleaned_data
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c、_post_clean 支持自定制方法(但不常用)

 

posted @ 2018-01-31 16:16  李小小小伟  阅读(394)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报