使用 python 获取 Linux 的 IP 信息(通过 ifconfig 命令)

我们可以使用 python 代码通过调用 ifconfig 命令来获取 Linux 主机的 IP 相关信息，包括：网卡名称、MAC地址、IP地址等。

第一种实现方式：

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 #encoding: utf-8
 3 
 4 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 5 
 6 def getIfconfig():
 7     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
 8     data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
 9     return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]
10 
11 def parseIfconfig(data):
12     dic = {}
13     for devs in data:
14         lines = devs.split('\n')
15         devname = lines[0].split()[0]
16         macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
17         ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
18         dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
19     return dic
20         
21 
22 if __name__ == '__main__':
23     data = getIfconfig()
24     print parseIfconfig(data)

第二种实现方式：

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 #encoding: utf-8
 3 
 4 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 5 
 6 def getIP():
 7     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
 8     stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
 9     data = [i for i in stdout.split('\n') if i]
10     return data
11 
12 def genIP(data):
13     new_line = ''
14     lines = []
15     for line in data:
16         if line[0].strip():
17             lines.append(new_line)
18             new_line = line + '\n'
19         else:
20             new_line += line + '\n'
21     lines.append(new_line)
22     return [i for i in lines if i and not i.startswith('lo')]
23 
24 def parseIP(data):
25     dic = {}
26     for devs in data:
27         lines = devs.split('\n')
28         devname = lines[0].split()[0]
29         macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
30         ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
31         dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
32     return dic
33 
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35     data = getIP()
36     nics = genIP(data)
37     print parseIP(nics)

第三种方式实现(正则表达式)：

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 #encoding: utf-8
 3 
 4 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 5 import re
 6 
 7 def getIfconfig():
 8     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
 9     data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
10     return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]
11         
12 def parseIfconfig(data):
13     dic = {}
14     # re.M 多行模式，改变'^'和'$'的行为
15     for line in data:
16         re_devname = re.compile(r'(\w+).*Link encap', re.M)
17         re_macaddr = re.compile(r'HWaddr\s([0-9A-F:]{17})', re.M)
18         re_ipaddr  = re.compile(r'inet addr:([\d\.]{7,15})', re.M)
19         devname  = re_devname.search(line)
20         mac      = re_macaddr.search(line)
21         ip       = re_ipaddr.search(line)
22         if devname:
23             devname = devname.group(1)
24         else:
25             devname = ''
26 
27         if mac:
28             mac = mac.group(1)
29         else:
30             mac = ''
31 
32         if ip:
33             ip = ip.group(1)
34         else:
35             ip = ''
36         dic[devname] = [mac, ip]
37     return dic
38 
39 if __name__ == '__main__':
40     data = getIfconfig()
41     print parseIfconfig(data)

实验结果：

{'eth1': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:7F', '172.16.254.8'], 'eth0': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:75', '192.168.0.8']}

posted on 2016-12-12 23:28 肖邦linux 阅读(5471) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报