springmvc非注解项目开发流程

最后更新日期：2022-12-01

1. 概述

本篇主要介绍使用springmvc非注解开发项目的过程。

参考博客：《SpringMVC学习(一)——快速搭建SpringMVC开发环境(非注解方式)》

博客内容简洁不全，其源码托管于：https://gitee.com/leo825/spring-framework-learning-example

1.1 开发环境简述

操作系统：deepin20.7

vscode：1.73.1，需要安装java,maven,spring,tomcat相关插件

jdk开发运行环境：

#java环境
export JAVA_HOME=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/jdk-17
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
#tomcat环境
export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-tomcat-8.5.83/bin:$PATH
#maver环境
export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-maven-3.8.6/bin:$PATH

项目位置：/home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/

数据库创建：

# 创建数据库在，注意数据库的编码
create database liwldev_java_web_springmvc charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
# 创建表
use liwldev_java_web_springmvc;
create table t_user_info( `id` int(11) unsigned not null primary key auto_increment comment '用户ID', `name` varchar(20) default null comment '用户姓名', `gender` varchar(2) default null comment '用户性别', `age` varchar(3) default null comment '用户年纪');
# 授权
grant all privileges on liwldev_java_web_springmvc.* to 'liwl'@'localhost' identified by 'liwanliang';
#
flush privileges;

2. 开发过程

2.1 配置部分

2.1.1 maven创建项目

进入到项目位置：

cd /home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc

创建项目：

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.liwl -DartifactId=springmvc_xml -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

2.1.2 配置pom.xml

编辑pom.xml，引入依赖包

<project 
  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.liwl</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_xml</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc_xml Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <spring.version>5.3.21</spring.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- servlet接口 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 引入数据库内容 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.29</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- jsp 标准标签库 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>taglibs-standard-spec</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc_xml</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2.1.3 配置web.xml

编辑web.xml，配置项目，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc_xml</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc_xml-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc_xml</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml里面通过contextConfigLocation参数，引入了springmvc_xml-servlet.xml配置，在resources目录下创建springmvc_xml-servlet.xml

2.1.4 配置servlet.xml

在resources目录下创建springmvc_xml-servlet.xml，内容如下：

需要注意的是xmlns的配置，如果配置有问题，则无法识别mvc标签

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 处理器映射器，将处理器Handler的name作为URL进行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 处理器适配器，适配处理器中handlerRequest方法的调用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器，把handler方法返回的逻辑视图解析为实际的物理视图 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

2.2 编码部分

/src/main/下创建源码目录：

mkdir src/main/java/com/liwl/{config,controller,model,service,util}

2.2.1 编写HelloController.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/controller目录下，创建HelloController.java，如下：

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;


public class HelloController implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("data","测试成功");
        modelAndView.setViewName("success");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.2.2 编写success.jsp

在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/目录下创建success.jsp，内容如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳转到success了!!!</h2>
    <p>
        ${data}
    </p>
</body>
</html>

2.2.3 注册HelloController访问success

修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml，注册bean，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 处理器映射器，将处理器Handler的name作为URL进行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 处理器适配器，适配处理器中handlerRequest方法的调用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器，把handler方法返回的逻辑视图解析为实际的物理视图 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>

</beans>

使用maven插件编译应用，使用servers插件启动应用。访问：http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml/hello

2.2.4 编写ApplicationContextUtil.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/util目录下，创建ApplicationContextUtil.java，如下：

package com.liwl.util;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

public class ApplicationContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware{

    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public static Object getBean(String beanName) {
        return applicationContext.getBean(beanName);
        
    }

    public static <T> T getBean(String beanName,Class<T> clazz){
        return clazz.cast(getBean(beanName));
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        ApplicationContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;     
    }
    
}

2.2.5 编写DBUtil.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/util目录下，创建DBUtil.java，如下：

package com.liwl.util;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class DBUtil {
    public static JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
       return (JdbcTemplate)  ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
    } 
}

2.2.6 编写UserInfo.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/model下创建UserInfo.java，如下：

此类对应数据库liwldev_java_web_springmvc的表t_user_info的各个字段

package com.liwl.model;

public class UserInfo {
    Long id;
    String name;
    String gender;
    String age;

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "用户信息:::"+"name:"+name+",age:"+age+",gender:"+gender;
    }
}

2.2.7 编写UserInfoService.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/service目录下，创建UserInfoService.java文件，如下：

package com.liwl.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;

public interface UserInfoService {
    void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userinfo);
    void deleteUserInfo(Long id);
    void updateUserInfo(Long id,UserInfo newUserInfo);
    List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList();
}

2.2.8 编写UserInfoServiceImpl.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/service/impl目录下，创建UserInfoServiceImpl.java文件，如下：

package com.liwl.service.impl;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
import com.liwl.util.DBUtil;

public class UserInfoServiceImpl implements UserInfoService{

    @Override
    public void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().execute("insert into t_user_info(name,gender,age) values('" + userInfo.getName() + "','" + userInfo.getGender() + "','" + userInfo.getAge() + "')");
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteUserInfo(Long id) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().execute("delete from t_user_info where id="+id);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUserInfo(Long id, UserInfo newUserInfo) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().update("update t_user_info set name=?,gender=?,age=? where id=?",new Object[]{
            new UserInfo().getName(),new UserInfo().getGender(),new UserInfo().getAge(),id
        });
    }

    @Override
    public List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList() {
        List<UserInfo> userInfos = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Map<String,Object>> results = DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList("select * from t_user_info");
        for (Map<String,Object> obj: results){
            UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
            userInfo.setId((Long) obj.get("id"));
            userInfo.setName((String) obj.get("name"));
            userInfo.setGender((String) obj.get("gender"));
            userInfo.setAge((String) obj.get("age"));
            userInfos.add(userInfo);
        }
        return userInfos;
    }
    
}

2.2.9 编写GetUesrInfoController.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/controller目录下，创建GetUserInfoController.java，如下：

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
import com.liwl.util.ApplicationContextUtil;

public class GetUserInfoController implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        UserInfoService userInfoService = (UserInfoService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userInfoService");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userInfoService.getUserInfoList();
        modelAndView.addObject("data",userInfoList);
        modelAndView.setViewName("info");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.2.10 编写info.jsp

在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views下创建info.jsp，如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳转到success了!!!</h2>
<p>
    <c:forEach items="${data}" var="d">
        <tr><td>${d.id}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.name}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.age}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.gender}</td></tr>
        </br>
    </c:forEach>
</p>
</body>
</html>

2.2.11 注册GetUserInfoController访问info

修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml，注册bean，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 处理器映射器，将处理器Handler的name作为URL进行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 处理器适配器，适配处理器中handlerRequest方法的调用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器，把handler方法返回的逻辑视图解析为实际的物理视图 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Spring内置连接池 -->
    <bean id="driverManagerDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liwldev_java_web_springmvc"></property>
        <property name="username" value="liwl"></property>
        <property name="password" value="liwanliang"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--指定连接池-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="driverManagerDataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="beanUtil" class="com.liwl.util.ApplicationContextUtil"></bean>
    <bean id="userInfoService" class="com.liwl.service.impl.UserInfoServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="getuserinfoController" name="/getuserinfo" class="com.liwl.controller.GetUserInfoController"></bean>
    <bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>

</beans>

使用maven插件编译应用，使用servers插件运行应用。访问：http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml/getuserinfo