轻量级容器管理工具Containerd的两种安装方式

1.yum安装

1.1.获取阿里云YUM源

[root@centos]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

1.2.查看YUM源中Containerd软件

[root@centos]# yum list | grep containerd
containerd.io.x86_64       1.4.12-3.1.el7         docker-ce-stable

1.3.使用yum命令安装

安装Containerd.io软件，即可安装Containerd
[root@centos]# yum -y install containerd.io

1.4.验证安装及启动服务

使用rpm -qa命令查看是否安装
[root@centos]# rpm -qa | grep containerd

1.5.设置containerd服务启动及开机自启

[root@centos]# systemctl enable containerd
[root@centos]# systemctl start containerd

1.6.查看containerd服务状态

[root@centos]# systemctl status containerd

1.7.验证是否可用

[root@centos]# ctr version
Client:
  Version:  1.4.12

Server:
  Version:  1.4.12

2.二进制安装

2.1.下载Containerd安装包

[root@centos]# wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.0/cri-containerd-cni-1.6.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.2.安装containerd

查看获取的安装包
[root@centos]# ls
cri-containerd-cni-1.6.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压下载的软件包
[root@centos]# tar xf cri-containerd-cni-1.6.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

查看解压后目录
[root@centos]# ls
etc opt  usr 

查看etc目录
[root@centos]# ls etc/systemd/system/
containerd.service


查看opt目录
[root@centos]# ls opt/containerd/cluster/gce
cloud-init  cni.template  configure.sh  env

查看usr目录
[root@centos]# ls usr/local/sbin
runc

2.3.查看containerd安装位置

[root@centos]# cat etc/systemd/system/containerd.service

......

[Service]
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd 查看此位置,把containerd二进制文件放置于此处即可完成安装。

2.4.复制containerd运行时文件至系统

查看宿主机/usr/local/bin目录，里面没有任何内容。
[root@centos]# ls /usr/local/bin/

查看解压后usr/local/bin目录，里面包含containerd运行时文件
[root@centos]# ls usr/local/bin/
containerd  containerd-shim  containerd-shim-runc-v1  containerd-shim-runc-v2  containerd-stress  crictl  critest  ctd-decoder  ctr

复制containerd文件至/usr/local/bin目录中。
[root@centos]# cp usr/local/bin/containerd /usr/local/bin/
[root@centos]# ls /usr/local/bin/
containerd

2.5.添加containerd.service文件至系统

查看解压后的etc/system目录
[root@centos]# ls etc/systemd/system/
containerd.service

复制containerd服务管理配置文件至/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录中
[root@centos]# cp etc/systemd/system/containerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service

查看复制后结果
[root@centos]# ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service

2.6.查看containerd使用帮助

[root@centos]# containerd --help

2.7.生成containerd模块配置文件

创建配置文件目录
[root@centos]# mkdir /etc/containerd

生成配置文件
[root@centos]# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

替换配置文件
[root@centos]# cat /etc/containerd/config.toml
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
oom_score = -999

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216

[debug]
  address = ""
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  level = ""

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[plugins]
  [plugins.cgroups]
    no_prometheus = false
  [plugins.cri]
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    enable_selinux = false
    sandbox_image = "easzlab/pause-amd64:3.2"
    stats_collect_period = 10
    systemd_cgroup = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    [plugins.cri.containerd]
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"
      no_pivot = false
      [plugins.cri.containerd.default_runtime]
        runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_root = ""
      [plugins.cri.containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        runtime_type = ""
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_root = ""
    [plugins.cri.cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/kube/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = "/etc/cni/net.d/10-default.conf"
    [plugins.cri.registry]
      [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
            "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."gcr.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/google-containers/"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."quay.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."harbor.lzh.com"] 此处添加了本地容器镜像仓库 Harbor,做为本地容器镜像仓库。
          endpoint = [
            "http://harbor.lzh.com"
          ]
    [plugins.cri.x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""
  [plugins.diff-service]
    default = ["walking"]
  [plugins.linux]
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    no_shim = false
    shim_debug = false
  [plugins.opt]
    path = "/opt/containerd"
  [plugins.restart]
    interval = "10s"
  [plugins.scheduler]
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

2.8. 启动containerd服务并设置开机自启动

[root@centos]# systemctl enable containerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
[root@centos]# systemctl start containerd

2.9.复制ctr命令至系统

[root@centos]# ls usr/local/bin/
containerd  containerd-shim  containerd-shim-runc-v1  containerd-shim-runc-v2  containerd-stress  crictl  critest  ctd-decoder  ctr
[root@centos]# cp usr/local/bin/ctr /usr/bin/

2.10.查看已安装containerd服务版本

[root@centos]# ctr version
Client:
  Version:  v1.6.0

Server:
  Version:  v1.6.0

2.11.安装runC

使用wget下载
[root@centos]# wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.0/runc.amd64

2.12.安装runC验证安装结果

查看已下载文件 
[root@centos]# ls
runc.amd64

安装runC
[root@centos]# mv runc.amd64 /usr/sbin/runc

为runC添加可执行权限
[root@centos]# chmod +x /usr/sbin/runc

使用runc命令验证是否安装成功
[root@centos]# runc -v
runc version 1.1.0
commit: v1.1.0-0-g067aaf85
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.17.6
libseccomp: 2.5.3