MongoDB 使用手册
MongoDB
常用命令：
- show dbs 显示所有的数据库
- use 数据库名 切换到某一个数据中
- show collections 显示当前数据库中所有的集合
- db.集合名.find() 查询当前数据库中某一个集合下所有的数据
- db.集合名.insert({"键": "值", "键": "值" ...}) 给当前数据库中某一个集合添加数据
- db.集合名.drop() 删除某一个集合
- db.dropDatabase() 删除当前数据库
> use zyhtest
switched to db zyhtest
> db.student.insert({"name": "zhangsan", "age": 28})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
local 0.000GB
zyhtest 0.000GB
> show collections
student
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5745b8a08dfa492b66e7d397"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.drop()
true
> show dbs
local 0.000GB
> db.student.insert({"name": "zhangsan", "age": 28})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
local 0.000GB
zyhtest 0.000GB
> show collections
student
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "zyhtest", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
local 0.000GB
文档插入操作
-
文档的数据存储格式为BSON，类似于JSON。MongoDB插入数据时会检验数据中是否有“_id”，如果没有会自动生成。
shell操作有insert和save两种方法。当插入一条数据有“_id”值，并且现在集合中已经有相同的值，使用insert插入时插入不进去，使用save时，会更新数据。> db.student.drop() true > db.student.insert({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 28}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 } > db.student.insert({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 27}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 11000, "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: zyhdb.student index: _id_ dup key: { : 1.0 }" } }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 28 } > db.student.save({"_id": 1, "name":"zhangsan", "age": 27}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 } -
批量插入
> db.student.insert([{"_id": 2, "name": "lisi"},{"_id": 3, "name": "wangwu"}, {"_id": 4, "name": "zhaoliu", "age": 28}]) BulkWriteResult({ "writeErrors" : [ ], "writeConcernErrors" : [ ], "nInserted" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nMatched" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "nRemoved" : 0, "upserted" : [ ] }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } -
循环插入
> for(var i=0; i<10; i++){db.fortest.insert({num: i})} WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.fortest.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab5"), "num" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab6"), "num" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab7"), "num" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab8"), "num" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeabab9"), "num" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababa"), "num" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababb"), "num" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababc"), "num" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababd"), "num" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57469e80142cea1d9aeababe"), "num" : 9 }
查询操作
先把student删除，再重新插入数据
> db.student.drop()
true
> db.student.insert([{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age": 27, "sex": 1 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age": 27 } ,{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age": 30 }, { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age": 28 }, { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age": 33 }, { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age": 32 }])
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 6,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
查询指定键
> db.student.find({},{name:1})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" }
> db.student.find({},{_id:0, age:0})
{ "name" : "zhangsan", "sex" : 1 }
{ "name" : "lisi" }
{ "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "name" : "sunba" }
> db.student.find({},{_id:0, name:1})
{ "name" : "zhangsan" }
{ "name" : "lisi" }
{ "name" : "wangwu" }
{ "name" : "zhaoliu" }
{ "name" : "qianliu" }
{ "name" : "sunba" }
各种查询方式
$lt:<
$lte:<=
$gt:>
$gte:>=
$ne:!=
> db.student.find({age:{$lt:30}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.find({age:{$ne:27}})
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
$in:包含
$nin:不包含
> db.student.find({age:{$in:[27,28]}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
> db.student.find({age:{$nin:[27,28]}})
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
$or:或者
> db.student.find({$or:[{age:{$lt:29}}, {name:"sunba"}]})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
null:空值
> db.student.find({sex: null})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
$type:键是某种类型的
double:1
string:2
...
> db.student.insert({_id:7, name:7, age:70})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.student.find({name: {$type: 2}})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.find({name: {$type: 1}})
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
正则表达式
> db.student.find({name: /si\b/})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
db.集合名称.findOne({查询条件},{指定键})
查询出符合条件的第一条数据
> db.student.findOne()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
db.集合名称.find({查询条件},{指定键}).limit(数字)
查询前几条数据
> db.student.find().limit(3)
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
db.集合名称.find({查询条件},{指定键}).skip(数字)
跳过前几条数据
> db.student.find().skip(2)
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
可以使用limit()和skip()实现分页
> db.student.find().skip(0).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
> db.student.find().skip(3).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.find().skip(6).limit(3)
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
db.集合名称.find().sort({键:数字})
数字为1表示升序，数字为2表示降序
> db.student.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
> db.student.find().sort({age:1, _id:-1})
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }
文档修改操作
db.集合名称.update({query},{update},upsert, multi})
query:过滤条件
update:修改内容
upsert：如果不存在查询条件查出的记录，是否插入一条数据，默认是false
multi：是否只修改查询条件查出的第一条记录，默认是false
> db.student.update({_id:1}, {name:"zhang"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhang" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
把整条数据都修改了，如果修改内容中没有设置age字段，则以前的age也取消了，数据全部修改
局部修改
$set:如果存在键则修改，如果不存在键则添加
> db.student.update({_id: 1},{$set:{name:"zhangsan", age: 26}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
id重复时无法修改
> db.student.update({_id:1},{_id:0, name:"zhangsanzhangsan"})
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 16837,
"errmsg" : "The _id field cannot be changed from {_id: 1.0} to {_id: 0.0}."
}
})
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
第三个参数默认为false，如果查不到数据false时不执行任何操作，true时往数据库里新插入一条数据
> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu", age:32})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu"}, true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 7 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
第四个参数默认为false，false时表示只修改查询到的第一条数据，true时表示修改查询到的所有数据
> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}, false, false)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.update({age:33}, {$set:{age:32}}, false, true)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
$inc:在原来的基础上加多少
> db.student.update({_id:7}, {$inc:{age:-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 31 }
$unset:去掉某个键
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$unset:{age:1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" }
针对数组类型的操作
$push:当数据中不存在键时，创建数组类型的键并插入该值;如果存在该键，并且该键是数组类型时，则在此数组类型的数据上追加;如果存在该键，并且该键不是数组类型时，会报错。
$pushAll:批量往数组中追加
$addToSet:数组中有该值时不追加，没有该值时追加
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"java"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java" ] }
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"mongodb"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb" ] }
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{name:"111"}})
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 16837,
"errmsg" : "The field 'name' must be an array but is of type String in document {_id: 7.0}"
}
})
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$pushAll:{skill:["js","C++","java"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$addToSet:{skill:"mongodb"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++", "java" ] }
$pop:删除数组的第一个或最后一个元素，值为-1时是删除第一个元素，值为1时是删除最后一个元素。
$pull:删除数组中的某一个指定的数值
$pullAll:删除数组中多个指定的数值
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:-1}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "js", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pull:{skill:"js"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["js"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "C++" ] }
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullAll:{skill:["mongodb","C++"]}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ ] }
用户管理操作
1、修改启动MongoDB时要求用户验证
加参数 --auth 即可。
现在我们把MongoDB服务删除，再重新添加服务
mongod --dbpath "D:\work\MongoDB\data" --logpath "D:\work\MongoDB\log\mongodb.log" --install --serviceName "MongoDB" --auth
2、创建用户，并使用创建的用户登录
打开shell操作界面，默认test数据，再查看所有数据库，发现报错，因为没有用户验证。
使用db.auth("user","pwd")进行用户验证。
user:用户名
pwd:密码
因为数据库中没有用户，所以需要先使用无用户验证的方式启动数据，在admin数据库下新建用户。
db.createUser({user:"", pwd:"", roles:[{role:"", db:""}]})
在当前数据库下创建一个用户
user:用户名
pwd：密码
roles：角色信息
[role:角色名， db:对指定数据库的操作]
> db.createUser({user:"admin", pwd:"admin", roles:[{role:"userAdminAnyDatabase", db:"admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
在使用用户验证的方式启动数据库，在数据库admin中，使用admin登录
\> db.auth("admin","admin")
1
状态1表示验证成功，0表示验证失败
创建用户默认给当前使用的数据下创建用户，
例如：当前使用的数据是admin，在admin数据下新建用户
db.createUser({user:"zyh", pwd:"zyh", roles:[{role:"readWrite", db:"zyhdb"}]})
在admin数据库下使用zyh登录，可读写zyhdb的collection。
当在zyhdb下，无法使用zyh登录，因为用户zyh是在admin数据库下。
3、查看当前数据下的用户
show users 显示当前数据库下所有的用户
使用有用户管理权限的用户登录才能看见，例如使用zyh登录后，执行会报错；使用admin登录后，显示用户
> db.auth("zyh","zyh")
1
> show users
2016-06-01T20:32:30.639+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: not authorized on admin to execute command { usersInfo: 1.0 } :
_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
DB.prototype.getUsers@src/mongo/shell/db.js:1523:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:743:9
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:650:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
> db.auth("admin","admin")
1
> show users
{
"_id" : "admin.admin",
"user" : "admin",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zyh",
"user" : "zyh",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "zyhdb"
}
]
}
还可以使用db.getUsers()查看所有的用户
使用db.getUser("user")查询指定用户的具体信息
4、修改用户信息
db.changeUserPassword("user", "newpwd")，修改密码
user:用户名
newpwd:新的密码
db.updateUser("user", {roles:[{role:"", db:""}]})
修改用户信息
db.grantRolesToUser("user", [{role:"", db:""}])
追加角色
db.revokeRolesFromUser("user", [{role:"", db:""}])
取消角色
5、删除用户
db.dropUser("user") 删除指定用户
db.dropAllUsers() 删除当前数据下所有用户
附：常用内置角色说明
数据库用户角色(每个数据库都有的角色)
read 对non-system集合的读取权限，以及以下system集合的读取权限：system.indexes，system.js，system.namespaces
readWrite 对non-system集合的读写权限，以及system.js上的读写权限
数据库管理角色(每个数据库都包含的数据管理角色)
dbAdmin 完成管理性任务的权限，比如schema相关任务、索引、统计信息收集。不能用于管理用户和角色
dbOwner 管理数据库需要的所有权限。包含(readWrite、dbAdmin、userAdmin角色的权限)
userAdmin 在当前数据库创建和修改角色和用户的权限
集群管理角色
admin数据库包含以下角色用于管理整个系统，而不是只针对单个数据库
clusterAmin 提供集群管理的最大权限。包含了clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager角色的权限
clusterManager 管理和监控集群，可以访问local和config数据库。
clusterMonitor 对集群的读权限
hostManager 管理和健康servers
备份和还原角色
admin数据库包含以下角色用于备份和还原数据
backup 备份权限
restore 还原权限
all-database roles
admin数据提供以下角色，对所有数据库都有效。
readAnyDatabase 提供对所有数据库的读权限
readWriteAnyDatabase 提供对所有数据库的写权限
userAdminAnyDatabase 提供对所有数据库用户的管理权限
dbAdminAnyDatabase 对所有数据库的dbAdmin权限
超级角色
角色 说明
root 拥有最高权限
另外角色也可以自定义设置。
java 操作API
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
public class MongoZyh {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 连接到MongoDB服务,ServerAddress()两个参数分别为 服务器地址 和 端口
ServerAddress serverAddress = new ServerAddress("localhost", 27017);
List<ServerAddress> addrs = new ArrayList<ServerAddress>();
addrs.add(serverAddress);
// 三个参数分别为 用户名 数据库名称 密码
MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential
.createScramSha1Credential("zyh", "admin",
"zyh".toCharArray());
List<MongoCredential> credentials = new ArrayList<MongoCredential>();
credentials.add(credential);
// 通过连接认证获取MongoDB连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(addrs, credentials);
// 连接到数据库
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("zyhdb");
// 新建集合，执行后会在数据库里新建一个空的集合
// mongoDatabase.createCollection("student");
// System.out.println("新建集合成功");
// 获取集合，并往集合中插入数据
MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mongoDatabase
.getCollection("student");
// 插入一条数据
// Document document = new Document();
// document.append("name", "zhangsan");
// document.append("age", 28);
// mongoCollection.insertOne(document);
// System.out.println("插入一条数据成功");
// 插入多条数据
// List<Document> documentList = new ArrayList<Document>();
// Document document1 = new Document();
// document1.append("name", "lisi");
// document1.append("age", 28);
// document1.append("sex", "男");
// Document document2 = new Document();
// document2.append("name", "wangwu");
// document2.append("age", 31);
// document2.append("sex", "男");
// documentList.add(document1);
// documentList.add(document2);
// mongoCollection.insertMany(documentList);
// System.out.println("插入多条数据成功");
// 查询数据
// 查询集合中所有的数据
// FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find();
// MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
// while (mongoCursor.hasNext()) {
// System.out.println(mongoCursor.next());
// }
// 根据条件查询
// Document query = new Document();
// query.put("age", new Document("$lt", 30));
// query.put("sex", "男");
// query.put("name", query);
// 正则表达式查询
// Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^zhang");
// query.put("name", pattern);
// 排序
// Document sort = new Document();
// sort.put("name", -1); // 1是正序，-1是倒序
// FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mongoCollection.find(query)
// .sort(sort);
// MongoCursor<Document> mongoCursor = findIterable.iterator();
// while (mongoCursor.hasNext()) {
// Document doc = mongoCursor.next();
// System.out.print("name:" + doc.get("name") + "...");
// System.out.print("age:" + doc.get("age") + "...");
// System.out.println("sex:" + doc.get("sex") + "...");
// }
// mongoCollection.findOneAndUpdate(查询条件, 修改内容); // 查询出第一条数据并修改
// mongoCollection.findOneAndDelete(查询条件); // 查询出第一条数据并删除
// mongoCollection.findOneAndReplace(查询条件, 替换内容); // 查询出第一条数据并替换
// 修改数据
// Document query = new Document();
// query.put("age", 28);
// Document update = new Document();
// Document d = new Document();
// d.put("birthday", new Date());
// d.put("name", "zhangsan");
// update.put("$set", d);
// mongoCollection.updateOne(query, update); // 修改查询到的第一条数据
// mongoCollection.updateMany(查询条件, 修改内容);// 修改查询到的所有数据
// 删除数据
// Document query = new Document();
// query.put("age", 28);
// mongoCollection.deleteOne(query); // 删除查询到的第一条数据
// mongoCollection.deleteMany(查询条件); // 删除查询到的所有数据
// mongoCollection.drop(); // 删除集合
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
