Python 编程规范
为了solid个人的python编程习惯，简单整理了部分提醒自己今后要注意的地方。
参考Google 开源项目风格指南：https://zh-google-styleguide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/google-python-styleguide/python_style_rules/
1.不要使用反斜杠联结行，python会将(, {, [中的内容隐式的连接起来
x = ('This will build a very long long '
'long long long long long long string')
2.Url 如果很长就放到一行
3.尽量不使用括号
return foo
而不是
return (foo)
4.括号内不要有空格.
Yes: spam(ham[1], {eggs: 2}, [])
5.在二元操作符两边都加上一个空格, 比如赋值(=), 比较(==, <, >, !=, <>, <=, >=, in, not in, is, is not), 布尔(and, or, not).
6.当’=’用于指示关键字参数或默认参数值时, 不要在其两侧使用空格.
Yes: def complex(real, imag=0.0): return magic(r=real, i=imag)
No: def complex(real, imag = 0.0): return magic(r = real, i = imag)
7.注释使用 主要描述做什么 然后 args， returns， raises
"""Fetches rows from a Bigtable.
Retrieves rows pertaining to the given keys from the Table instance
represented by big_table. Silly things may happen if
other_silly_variable is not None.
Args:
big_table: An open Bigtable Table instance.
keys: A sequence of strings representing the key of each table row
to fetch.
other_silly_variable: Another optional variable, that has a much
longer name than the other args, and which does nothing.
Returns:
A dict mapping keys to the corresponding table row data
fetched. Each row is represented as a tuple of strings. For
example:
{'Serak': ('Rigel VII', 'Preparer'),
'Zim': ('Irk', 'Invader'),
'Lrrr': ('Omicron Persei 8', 'Emperor')}
If a key from the keys argument is missing from the dictionary,
then that row was not found in the table.
Raises:
IOError: An error occurred accessing the bigtable.Table object.
"""
pass
8.类注释
类应该在其定义下有一个用于描述该类的文档字符串. 如果你的类有公共属性(Attributes), 那么文档中应该有一个属性(Attributes)段. 并且应该遵守和函数参数相同的格式.
class SampleClass(object):
"""Summary of class here.
Longer class information....
Longer class information....
Attributes:
likes_spam: A boolean indicating if we like SPAM or not.
eggs: An integer count of the eggs we have laid.
"""
def __init__(self, likes_spam=False):
"""Inits SampleClass with blah."""
self.likes_spam = likes_spam
self.eggs = 0
def public_method(self):
"""Performs operation blah."""
9.块注释和行注释
最需要写注释的是代码中那些技巧性的部分. 如果你在下次 代码审查 的时候必须解释一下, 那么你应该现在就给它写注释. 对于复杂的操作, 应该在其操作开始前写上若干行注释. 对于不是一目了然的代码, 应在其行尾添加注释.
# We use a weighted dictionary search to find out where i is in
# the array. We extrapolate position based on the largest num
# in the array and the array size and then do binary search to
# get the exact number.
if i & (i-1) == 0: # True if i is 0 or a power of 2.
另一方面, 绝不要描述代码. 假设阅读代码的人比你更懂Python, 他只是不知道你的代码要做什么.
10.类继承
如果一个类不继承自其它类, 就显式的从object继承. 嵌套类也一样.
class SampleClass(object):
pass
class OuterClass(object):
class InnerClass(object):
pass
11.字符串
x = a + b
x = '%s, %s!' % (imperative, expletive)
x = '{}, {}!'.format(imperative, expletive)
x = 'name: %s; score: %d' % (name, n)
x = 'name: {}; score: {}'.format(name, n)
12.单引号，双引号 一致性
13.TODO注释
为临时代码使用TODO注释, 它是一种短期解决方案. 不算完美, 但够好了.
TODO注释应该在所有开头处包含”TODO”字符串, 紧跟着是用括号括起来的你的名字, email地址或其它标识符. 然后是一个可选的冒号. 接着必须有一行注释, 解释要做什么.
# TODO(kl@gmail.com): Use a "*" here for string repetition.
# TODO(Zeke) Change this to use relations.
14.每个导入应该独占一行
import os
import sys
