spring boot启动初始化数据的多种方式
场景
在日常的项目中,经常会有一些需求,是在项目启动过程中,启动后,或者满足特定条件,初始化一些数据,或者从数据库读取一些配置初始化,又或从数据库读取一些热点数据到redis进行初始化缓存。
本文提供一些常见的实现,以及在项目启动的不同阶段加载的实现方式。
项目启动中
方式一:实现说明:本实例是初始化一个Word的词库,使用的static静态代码块,实现原理为@Component + static代码块, spring boot项目在启动过程中,会扫描@Component 并初始化相应的类,类的初始化过程会运行静态代码块。
@Component public class WordInitConfig { static { WordSegmenter.segWithStopWords("初始化分词"); } }
方式二:实现说明:本实例实现项目启动过程中加载配置信息,并缓存到redis, 这里使用的是 @PostConstruct(),该注解会在类调用构造函数之前调用,但是初始化当前配置类的时候,MallSettingMapper.class, RedisService.class, SettingRefreshService.class这些类可能还未加载或实例化,所以这里需要配合@ConditionalOnBean注解实现
@Component @ConditionalOnBean({MallSettingMapper.class, RedisService.class, SettingRefreshService.class}) public class SettingInitConfig { @Autowired private SettingRefreshService settingRefreshService; @PostConstruct() private void refresh(){ settingRefreshService.refreshRedis(); } }
项目启动后
实现说明:这里还是以上面加载配置到redis缓存为例子,这里我们需要准确知道项目启动的时间,所以我们要借助spring内置的监听器,监听事件ApplicationReadyEvent,这里还有其他事件比如ApplicationFailedEvent、ApplicationStartingEvent等,对应application context加载的各阶段,如果需要自定义事件,也可以参考《基于Redis队列实现《二》——点对点模式》。
@Component public class SettingInitConfig implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationReadyEvent> { @Autowired private SettingRefreshService settingRefreshService; @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationReadyEvent applicationReadyEvent) { settingRefreshService.refreshRedis(); } }
特定条件或者配置
实现说明:这里实现的场景比较复杂一些,本例子实现的类似starter的机制,在集成第三方插件时,比较常见。这里做的是一个ES全文搜索集成方案,由于整个方案改动比较大,持续时间比较长,而中途又需要发布生产,这里希望达到目标是即使生产读取不到相关ES配置,或者通过配置动态开关。这里主要基于 @ConditionalOnProperty实现
1. 增加配置 elasticsearch.active 开关
#开启elasticsearch elasticsearch: hostname: 192.168.9.79 port: 9200 active: false
2. 增加配置类 EsConfig
@Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix="elasticsearch",name = "active", havingValue = "true") public class EsRestClientConfig { @Value("${elasticsearch.hostname}") private String hostname; @Value("${elasticsearch.port}") private int port; private String schema = "http"; private int connectTimeOut = 1000; private int socketTimeOut = 30000; private int connectionRequestTimeOut = 500; private int maxConnectNum = 100; private int maxConnectPerRoute = 100; private HttpHost httpHost; private boolean uniqueConnectTimeConfig = true; private boolean uniqueConnectNumConfig = true; private RestClientBuilder builder; private RestClient client; @Lazy @Bean(autowire = Autowire.BY_NAME, name = "restClient") public RestClient client() { httpHost = new HttpHost(hostname, port, schema); builder = RestClient.builder(httpHost); if (uniqueConnectTimeConfig) { setConnectTimeOutConfig(); } if (uniqueConnectNumConfig) { setMutiConnectConfig(); } return builder.build(); } /** * 异步httpclient的连接延时配置 */ public void setConnectTimeOutConfig() { builder.setRequestConfigCallback(new RestClientBuilder.RequestConfigCallback() { @Override public RequestConfig.Builder customizeRequestConfig(RequestConfig.Builder requestConfigBuilder) { requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeOut); requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeOut); requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeOut); return requestConfigBuilder; } }); } /** * 异步httpclient的连接数配置 */ public void setMutiConnectConfig() { builder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(new RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback() { @Override public HttpAsyncClientBuilder customizeHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder httpClientBuilder) { httpClientBuilder.setMaxConnTotal(maxConnectNum); httpClientBuilder.setMaxConnPerRoute(maxConnectPerRoute); return httpClientBuilder; } }); } /** * 关闭连接 */ public void close() { if (client != null) { try { client.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }