网络编程

建议使用requests模块，不建议使用urllib模块

import requests

1、发get请求
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info'

data = {'stu_name':'小黑'} #请求的数据

req = requests.get(url,params=data)  #发get请求

print(type(req.json()))  #字典 <class 'dict'>

print(type(req.text))    #json串 <class 'str'>

#返回的为字典，str的json串
#中文不会报错

2、发post请求
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/login'

data = {
    'username':'niuhanyang',
    'passwd':'aA123456'
        } #请求的数据
req = requests.post(url,data)  #发送post请求
print(req.json())

3、入参是json
import random
phone =random.randint(10000000000,99999999999)
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/add_stu'
data =  {
    "name":"liuyan",
    "grade":"天蝎座",
    "phone":phone,
    "sex":"男",
    "age":28,
    "addr":"hubeiwuhan"
  }

req = requests.post(url,json=data)
print(req.json())

4、添加cookie
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/gold_add'
data = {
    'stu_id':517,
    'gold':100
}
cookie = {'niuhanyang':'337ca4cc825302b3a8791ac7f9dc4bc6'}
req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)
print(req.json())

5、获取所有信息 添加header信息，key为Referer value 为http://api.nnzhp.cn/
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/all_stu'
header = {
    'Referer':'http://api.nnzhp.cn/'
}
req = requests.get(url,headers=header)
print(req.json())

6、上传文件
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/file/file_upload'
data = {
    'file':open('day8笔记')  #windows  有中文 需要encoding='utf-8'
}
req = requests.post(url,files=data)
print(req.json())

7、下载文件
url = 'http://www.nnzhp.cn/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/soup.jpg'
req = requests.get(url)
fw = open('meishi.jpg','wb')
fw.write(req.content)