MapReduce(二)常用三大组件
mapreduce三大组件:Combiner\Sort\Partitioner
默认组件:排序,分区(不设置,系统有默认值)
一、mapreduce中的Combiner
1、什么是combiner
Combiner 是 MapReduce 程序中 Mapper 和 Reducer 之外的一种组件,它的作用是在 maptask 之后给 maptask 的结果进行局部汇总,以减轻 reducetask 的计算负载,减少网络传输
2、如何使用combiner
Combiner 和 Reducer 一样,编写一个类,然后继承 Reducer, reduce 方法中写具体的 Combiner 逻辑,然后在 job 中设置 Combiner 类: job.setCombinerClass(FlowSumCombine.class)
(如果combiner和reduce逻辑一样,就不用写combiner类了,直接在job设置信息)
3、使用combiner注意事项
(1) Combiner 和 Reducer 的区别在于运行的位置:
Combiner 是在每一个 maptask 所在的节点运行
Reducer 是接收全局所有 Mapper 的输出结果
(2) Combiner 的输出 kv 应该跟 reducer 的输入 kv 类型要对应起来
(3) Combiner 的使用要非常谨慎,因为 Combiner 在 MapReduce 过程中可能调用也可能不调 用,可能调一次也可能调多次,所以: Combiner 使用的原则是:有或没有都不能影响业务 逻辑,都不能影响最终结果(求平均值时,combiner和reduce逻辑不一样)
二、mapreduce中的序列化
1、概述
Java 的序列化是一个重量级序列化框架( Serializable),一个对象被序列化后,会附带很多额 外的信息(各种校验信息, header,继承体系等),不便于在网络中高效传输;所以, hadoop 自己开发了一套序列化机制( Writable),精简,高效
Hadoop 中的序列化框架已经对基本类型和 null 提供了序列化的实现了。分别是:
2、Java序列化
以案例说明为例:
3、自定义对象实现mapreduce框架的序列化
如果需要将自定义的 bean 放在 key 中传输,则还需要实现 Comparable 接口,因为 mapreduce框中的 shuffle 过程一定会对 key 进行排序,此时,自定义的 bean 实现的接口应该是:
public class FlowBean implements WritableComparable<FlowBean>
以案例为例说明
下面是进行了序列化的 FlowBean 类:
案例:
1、
package com.ghgj.mr.exerciseflow; import java.io.DataInput; import java.io.DataOutput; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparable; public class Flow implements WritableComparable<Flow>{ private String phone; private long upflow; // 上行流量 private long downflow; // 下行流量 private long sumflow; // 上行和下行流量之和 public long getUpflow() { return upflow; } public void setUpflow(long upflow) { this.upflow = upflow; } public long getDownflow() { return downflow; } public void setDownflow(long downflow) { this.downflow = downflow; } public long getSumflow() { return sumflow; } public void setSumflow(long sumflow) { this.sumflow = sumflow; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } public Flow() { } public Flow(long upflow, long downflow, String phone) { super(); this.upflow = upflow; this.downflow = downflow; this.sumflow = upflow + downflow; this.phone = phone; } @Override public String toString() { return phone +"\t" + upflow +"\t" + downflow +"\t" + sumflow; } @Override public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub out.writeLong(upflow); out.writeLong(downflow); out.writeLong(sumflow); out.writeUTF(phone); } @Override public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.upflow = in.readLong(); this.downflow = in.readLong(); this.sumflow = in.readLong(); this.phone = in.readUTF(); } @Override public int compareTo(Flow flow) { if((flow.getSumflow() - this.sumflow) == 0){ return this.phone.compareTo(flow.getPhone()); }else{ return (int)(flow.getSumflow() - this.sumflow); } } }
package com.ghgj.mr.exerciseflow; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; /** * 手机号 上行流量 下行流量 总流量 * @author Administrator * */ public class FlowExercise1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf); job.setJarByClass(FlowExercise1.class); job.setMapperClass(FlowExercise1Mapper.class); job.setReducerClass(FlowExercise1Reducer.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Flow.class); job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class); FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, "d:/flow/input"); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("d:/flow/output13")); boolean status = job.waitForCompletion(true); System.exit(status? 0 : 1); } static class FlowExercise1Mapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Flow>{ @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String[] splits = value.toString().split("\t"); String phone = splits[1]; long upflow = Long.parseLong(splits[8]); long downflow = Long.parseLong(splits[9]); Flow flow = new Flow(upflow, downflow); context.write(new Text(phone), flow); } } static class FlowExercise1Reducer extends Reducer<Text, Flow, Text, Flow>{ @Override protected void reduce(Text phone, Iterable<Flow> flows, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { long sumUpflow = 0; // 该phone用户的总上行流量 long sumDownflow = 0; for(Flow f : flows){ sumUpflow += f.getUpflow(); sumDownflow += f.getDownflow(); } Flow sumFlow = new Flow(sumUpflow, sumDownflow); context.write(phone, sumFlow); // String v = sumUpflow +"\t" + sumDownflow +"\t" + (sumUpflow + sumDownflow); // context.write(phone, new Text(v)); } } }
2、
package com.ghgj.mr.exerciseflow; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; public class FlowExercise2Sort { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf); job.setJarByClass(FlowExercise2Sort.class); job.setMapperClass(FlowExercise2SortMapper.class); job.setReducerClass(FlowExercise2SortReducer.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Flow.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class); // job.setCombinerClass(FlowExercise1Combiner.class); // job.setCombinerClass(FlowExercise1Reducer.class); job.setOutputKeyClass(NullWritable.class); job.setOutputValueClass(Flow.class); FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, "d:/flow/output1"); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("d:/flow/sortoutput6")); boolean status = job.waitForCompletion(true); System.exit(status? 0 : 1); } static class FlowExercise2SortMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Flow, Text>{ @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Flow, Text>.Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String[] splits = value.toString().split("\t"); String phone = splits[0]; long upflow = Long.parseLong(splits[1]); long downflow = Long.parseLong(splits[2]); // long sumflow = Long.parseLong(splits[3]); Flow flow = new Flow(upflow, downflow, phone); context.write(flow, new Text(phone)); } } static class FlowExercise2SortReducer extends Reducer<Flow, Text, NullWritable, Flow>{ @Override protected void reduce(Flow flow, Iterable<Text> phones, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { for(Text t : phones){ context.write(NullWritable.get(), flow); } } } }
三、mapreduce中的sort
需求: 把上例求得的流量综合从大到小倒序排
基本思路:实现自定义的 bean 来封装流量信息,并将 bean 作为 map 输出的 key 来传输 MR 程序在处理数据的过程中会对数据排序(map 输出的 kv 对传输到 reduce 之前,会排序), 排序的依据是 map 输出的 key, 所以,我们如果要实现自己需要的排序规则,则可以考虑将
排序因素放到 key 中,让 key 实现接口: WritableComparable, 然后重写 key 的 compareTo 方法
(上面第二题)
四、mapreduce中的partitioner
需求: 根据归属地输出流量统计数据结果到不同文件,以便于在查询统计结果时可以定位到 省级范围进行
思路:MapReduce 中会将 map 输出的 kv 对,按照相同 key 分组,然后分发给不同的 reducetask
默认的分发规则为:根据 key 的 hashcode%reducetask 数来分发, 所以:如果要按照我们自 己的需求进行分组,则需要改写数据分发(分组)组件 Partitioner
自定义一个 CustomPartitioner 继承抽象类: Partitioner
然后在 job 对象中,设置自定义 partitioner: job.setPartitionerClass(ProvincePartitioner.class)
(上面第三题)